HW Ch7 1

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2018 Spring Materials Homework Chap7

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I. Define the following terms (2 points each)


1. Anelasticity(滯彈性)與時間相關的彈性行為
2. Ductility(延性)材料在斷裂前,能產生塑性變形的能力,其大小可以拉伸試
驗中的伸長率或面積收縮率表示
3. Engineering stress(工程應力)試片的瞬時施加負載除以它在變形前的截面積
true stress(真應力)瞬時施加負荷除以瞬時的試片截面積
4. Flexural strength(抗折強度)彎曲試驗時,發生破壞的應力值
5. Resilience(彈性能)材料彈性變形所能吸收的能量
Toughness(韌性)材料破壞時吸收能量值的度量,韌性可以由拉伸應力-應
變曲線下面的總面積來表示
6. Poisson’s ratio(包松比)產生彈性變形時,橫向應變對軸向應變的比值(為一
負值)
7. Proportional limit(比例限)應力-應變曲線上的一點,此點為應力和應變成直
線正比關係的終點
8. Relaxation modulus(鬆弛模數)黏彈性高分子的彈性模數隨時間改變。在應
力鬆馳的實驗中,應力對應變所得比值
9. Viscoelasticity(黏彈性)變形的一種形式,表現出黏性流和彈性變形的機械
特性
10. Yielding(降伏)塑性變形的起始點

10 points each question.


7.7 For a bronze alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 275 MPa
(40,000 psi), and the modulus of elasticity is 115 GPa (16.7 × 106 psi).
(a) What is the maximum load that may be applied to a specimen with a cross-
sectional area of 325 mm2 (0.5 in.2) without plastic deformation?
(b) If the original specimen length is 115 mm (4.5 in.), what is the maximum
length to which it may be stretched without causing plastic deformation?
7.21 A cylindrical metal specimen 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter and 250 mm (10 in.)
long is to be subjected to a tensile stress of 28 MPa (4000 psi); at this stress level
the resulting deformation will be totally elastic.
(a) If the elongation must be less than 0.080 mm (3.2 × 10-3 in.), which of the
metals in Table 7.1 are suitable candidates? Why?
(b) If, in addition, the maximum permissible diameter decrease is 1.2 × 10-3
mm (4.7 × 10-5 in.) when the tensile stress of 28 MPa is applied, which of the metals
that satisfy the criterion in part (a) are suitable candidates? Why?
7.24 A cylindrical rod 380 mm (15.0 in.) long and having a diameter of 10.0 mm
(0.40 in.) is to be subjected to a tensile load. If the rod is to experience neither plastic
deformation nor an elongation of more than 0.9 mm (0.035 in.) when the applied load
is 24,500 N (5500 lb f ), which of the four metals or alloys listed in the following table
are possible candidates? Justify your choice(s).

Modulus of Tensile
Elasticity Yield Strength Strength
Material (GPa) (MPa) (MPa)
Aluminum alloy 70 255 420
Brass alloy 100 345 420
Copper 110 250 290
Steel alloy 207 450 550
7.30 A specimen of ductile cast iron having a rectangular cross section of
dimensions 4.8 mm × 15.9 mm (3/16 in. × 5/8 in.) is deformed in tension. Using the
load-elongation data shown in the following table, complete parts (a) through (f).

Load Length
N lb f mm in.
0 0 75.000 2.953
4,740 1,065 75.025 2.954
9,140 2,055 75.050 2.955
12,920 2,900 75.075 2.956
16,540 3,720 75.113 2.957
18,300 4,110 75.150 2.959
20,170 4,530 75.225 2.962
22,900 5,145 75.375 2.968
25,070 5,635 75.525 2.973
26,800 6,025 75.750 2.982
28,640 6,440 76.500 3.012
30,240 6,800 78.000 3.071
31,100 7,000 79.500 3.130
31,280 7,030 81.000 3.189
30,820 6,930 82.500 3.248
29,180 6,560 84.000 3.307
27,190 6,110 85.500 3.366
24,140 5,430 87.000 3.425
18,970 4,265 88.725 3.493
Fracture

(a) Plot the data as engineering stress versus engineering strain.


(b) Compute the modulus of elasticity.
(c) Determine the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002.
(d) Determine the tensile strength of this alloy.
(e) Compute the modulus of resilience.
(f) What is the ductility, in percent elongation?
7.35 A cylindrical metal specimen having an original diameter of 12.8 mm (0.505
in.) and gauge length of 50.80 mm (2.000 in.) is pulled in tension until fracture
occurs. The diameter at the point of fracture is 6.60 mm (0.260 in.), and the
fractured gauge length is 72.14 mm (2.840 in.). Calculate the ductility in terms of
percent reduction in area and percent elongation.
7.37 Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following alloys:

Yield Strength
Material MPa psi
Steel alloy 550 80,000
Brass alloy 350 50,750
Aluminum alloy 250 36,250
Titanium alloy 800 116,000
Use modulus of elasticity values in Table 7.1.
7.42 A tensile test is performed on a metal specimen, and it is found that a true
plastic strain of 0.20 is produced when a true stress of 575 MPa (83,500 psi) is
applied; for the same metal, the value of K in Equation 7.19 is 860 MPa (125,000 psi).
Calculate the true strain that results from the application of a true stress of 600 MPa
(87,000 psi). It first becomes necessary to solve for n in Equation 7.19. Taking
logarithms of both sides of this expression leads to
log σ T = log K + n log εT
7.58 The flexural strength and associated volume fraction porosity for two specimens
of the same ceramic material are as follows:

σ fs (MPa) P
100 0.05
50 0.20

(a) Compute the flexural strength for a completely nonporous specimen of this
material.
(b) Compute the flexural strength for a 0.10 volume fraction porosity.
7.69 (a) A 10-mm-diameter Brinell hardness indenter produced an indentation 1.62
mm in diameter in a steel alloy when a load of 500 kg was used. Compute the HB of
this material.
(b) What will be the diameter of an indentation to yield a hardness of 450 HB
when a 500-kg load is used?

7.D4 It is necessary to select a ceramic material to be stressed using a three-point


loading scheme (Figure 7.18). The specimen must have a circular cross section and
a radius of 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) and must not experience fracture or a deflection of more
than 6.2 × 10-2 mm (2.4 × 10-3 in.) at its center when a load of 275 N (62 lb f ) is
applied. If the distance between support points is 45 mm (1.77 in.), which of the
materials in Table 7.2 are candidates? The magnitude of the centerpoint deflection
may be computed using the equation supplied in Problem 7.51.
9. Make a schematic plot showing the tensile engineering stress–strain behavior for
a typical metal alloy to the point of fracture. (15 points)
Please define and point out the following terms in the figure: (a) stress (b) stain (c)
yielding strength (d) ultimate tensile strength (e) Young’s modulus (f) percentage of
elongation

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