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    Lec-01-Anicent History (Stone Age) by JK Exam Cracker

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    Abidaah Suheeb
    1. The Stone Age in India is divided into three periods - Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. 2. During the Paleolithic period (500,000 BC - 10,000 BC), early humans lived by hunting and gathering and used basic stone tools. They belonged to the Negrito race. 3. In the Mesolithic period (10,000 BC - 7000 BC), the climate became warmer and humans began domesticating animals and transitioning to more settled lives.

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    Lec-01-Anicent History (Stone Age) by JK Exam Cracker

    Uploaded by

    Abidaah Suheeb
    109 views8 pages
    1. The Stone Age in India is divided into three periods - Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. 2. During the Paleolithic period (500,000 BC - 10,000 BC), early humans lived by hunting and gathering and used basic stone tools. They belonged to the Negrito race. 3. In the Mesolithic period (10,000 BC - 7000 BC), the climate became warmer and humans began domesticating animals and transitioning to more settled lives.

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    Lec-01-Anicent History (Stone Age) by Jk Exam Cracker(1)

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    1. The Stone Age in India is divided into three periods - Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. 2. During the Paleolithic period (500,000 BC - 10,000 BC), early humans lived by hunting and gathering and used basic stone tools. They belonged to the Negrito race. 3. In the Mesolithic period (10,000 BC - 7000 BC), the climate became warmer and humans began domesticating animals and transitioning to more settled lives.

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    109 views8 pages

    Lec-01-Anicent History (Stone Age) by JK Exam Cracker

    Uploaded by

    Abidaah Suheeb
    1. The Stone Age in India is divided into three periods - Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. 2. During the Paleolithic period (500,000 BC - 10,000 BC), early humans lived by hunting and gathering and used basic stone tools. They belonged to the Negrito race. 3. In the Mesolithic period (10,000 BC - 7000 BC), the climate became warmer and humans began domesticating animals and transitioning to more settled lives.

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    of 8

    ANCIENT HISTORY :-

    THE STONE AGE :-


    - The fossils of the early human being have not been found in India. A hint of the
    earliest human presence in India is indicated by stone tools of about 250,000BC
    obtained from the deposits. However , recent reported artifacts from Bori in
    Maharashtra suggest the appearance of human beings in India around 1.4 million
    years ago.
    - Humans used only stone tools for different purposes. This period is , therefore, known
    as the Stone Age.
    - which has been divided into
    Paleolithic (early or Old Stone) Age,
    Mesolithic(Middle Stone) Age,
    and Neolithic (New Stone) Age.
    1. Paleolithic (early or Old Stone) Age :- (500,000 BC- 10,000 BC)
    - The earliest traces of human existence in India go back to 500,000 BC.
    - The Paleolithic sites are spread in practically a parts of India except the
    alluvial plains of Indus and Ganga.
    - The people of this age were food gathering people who lived on hunting and gathering wild fruits
    and vegetables.
    - They had no knowledge of agriculture, fire or pottery or any material.
    - Their tools were made of hard rock called 'quartzitę, hence Paleolithic men are also called
    'Quartzite Men.
    - It has been pointed out that Paleolithic men belonged to the Negrito race.
    - The Paleolithic Age in India has been divided into three
    phases according to the nature of stone tools used by
    The people and also according to the nature of change in the
    climate –
    Early or lower Paleolithic
    Paleolithic , Middle Paleolithic and.
    Upper Paleolithic.

    A. Early or lower Paleolithic :-


    - The Early Paleolithic Age covers the greater part of the Ice Age;
    its characteristic tools are hand axes, cleavers and choppers.
    - Such tools have been found in Son and Sohan river valley (now in Pakistan) and in the Belan
    Valley in the Mirzapur district of UP.
    - In this period climate became less humid.
    B. Middle Paleolithic Phase
    - Is characterized by the use of stone tools made of flakes mainly scrapers, borers and blade like
    tools.
    - The sites are found in the valleys of Son, Narmada and Tungabhadra rivers.
    C. Upper Paleolithic Phase :-
    - In the Upper Paleolithic Phase, the climate became warm and less humid.
    - This stage is marked by burins and scrapers.
    - Such tools have been found in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Bhopal and Chota
    Nagpur plateau.

    2. THE MESOLITHIC ERA (10,000 BC - 7000 BC)


    - In this age, climate became warm and dry. Climate changes brought about
    changes in fauna and flora and made it possible for human beings to move to
    new areas.
    - The characteristic tools of the Mesolithic Age are known as Microliths pointed, cresconic
    blades, scrapers, etc, all made of stone.
    - They also domesticated animals.
    - The last phase of this age saw the beginning of plane cultivation.
    Note :- In the Belan valley of Vindhyas, all the three phases of the Paleolithic
    followed by the Mesolithic and then by the Neolithic have been found in
    sequence. Similar is the case with the middle part of the Narmada valley.

    3. THE NEOLITHIC ERA (7000 BC - 2500 BC)


    - During this phase people were again depending on stone implements.
    - Neolithic men cultivated land and grew fruits and corn like Ragi and horse gram.
    - They domesticated cattle, sheep and goat.
    - They knew about making fire and making pottery first by hand and then by potter's wheel.
    - They also painted and decorated their pottery.
    - They also knew the art of making boats.
    - They could also weave cotton and wool to make cloth.
    4. CHALCOLITHIC PERIOD
    - The end of the Neolithic Period saw the use of metals of which copper was the
    first.
    - A culture based on the use of stone and copper arrived. Such a culture is called Chalcolithic
    which means the stone-copper phase.
    - The Chalcolithic people used different types of pottery of which black and red
    Pottery was most popular. It was wheel made and painted with white line design.
    - They generally lived in thatched houses. It was a village economy.
    - They venerated the mother goddess and worshiped the bull.
    - Important sites of this phase are spread in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, West Bengal,
    Bihar, MP, etc.

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