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NAME……………………………………………………………….ADM…………………
SCHOOL……………………………………………………………INDEX……………….
DATE………………………………SIGN…………………………TARGET…………….
SERIES 1 PAPER TOP RANK KCSE MOCK 2024
312/1
GEOGRAPHY Paper 1
Time: 2 ¾ Hours

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

Instructions to Candidates:
a) Write your name and admission number on the spaces provided above.
b) This paper has two sections: A and B.
c) Answer all questions in section A.
d) In section B, answer question6 and any other two questions.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

SECTION A
Question number 1 2 3 4 5 Sub Total Grand
Marks total

SECTION B
Question number 6 7 8 9 10 Sub Total
Marks

SECTION A
Answer ALL Questions in this Section

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1. The diagram below shows the angles of the sun’s rays at different latitudes when the sun
is at the equator.
Use it to answer questions (a) (b).

(a) Name the parts of the earth’s surface marked J and K. (2 marks)
(b) Giver two reasons why the intensity of the insolation is higher at M than at N .(2 marks)

2. (a) What is weathering? (2 marks)

(b) Give three factors that influence the rate of weathering. (3 marks)

3 The diagram below shows a composite volcano.

(a) Name the features marked P, Q and R. (3 marks)

(b) How is a parasitic cone formed? (3 marks)

4. (a). What is land breeze? (2 marks)

(b). Give two ways in which sea breezes influence the adjacent land. (2 marks)

5.

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(a). Name the three ways labelled E,F and G. (3 marks)
(b). Name three features produced by wind abrasion in arid areas. (3 marks)

SECTION B
Answer Question 6 and Any Other Two Questions from this Section.

6. Study the map of KISUMU EAST 1:50,000provided and answer the following questions.

(a) i) Convert the ratio scale into statement scale. (2 marks)

ii) Identify two methods that have been used to represent relief on the map. (2
marks)
iii) Name three physical features found in grid square 0298. (3 marks)

(c) i) Give the six figure grid reference of the Air Photo Principal point to the East of
Obumba School. (2 marks)
(c) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (4 marks)
(d) i) Citing evidence, name three social services offered in the area covered by the
map.
(6 marks)
ii) Explain three factors that may have influenced the distribution of settlements
in the area.
(6 marks)
7. (a) Describe the following characteristics of minerals
(i) Colour (2 marks)
(ii) Cleavage (2 marks)
(iii) Hardness (2 marks)
(b) (i) Give two types of igneous rocks. (2 marks)
(ii) Explain three conditions necessary for the growth of coral polyps. (6 marks)

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 (c)State four uses of rocks. (4 marks)
(d). You are planning to carry out a field study on the rocks within your school
environment
(i) Give two secondary source of information you would use to prepare for the
field study.
(2 marks)
(ii) State why you would need the following items during the field study:
• A fork jembe (1 mark)
• A polythene bag (1 mark)
(iii). Suppose during the field study you collected: Marble, sandstone and granite,
classify
each of these samples according to its mode of formation. (3 marks)

8. The map below shows the location of some mountain ranges.

(a). Name the ranges marked P , Q, R and S. (4 marks)

(b). (i) Apart from fold mountains, name three other features resulting from folding. (3 marks)

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 (ii). With the aid of labelled diagrams, describe how fold mountains are formed. (10 marks)
(d) Explain the significance of fold mountains to human activities (8 marks)

9. (a) (i) What are tides? (2 marks)

(ii). Give three causes of ocean currents (3 marks)
(iii) Name the three ocean currents along the western coast of Africa (3 marks)
(b). (i) State three characteristics of submerged lowland coasts. (3 marks)
(ii) Explain three factors that determine the rate of coastal erosion. (6 marks)
(c). With the aid of labelled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is formed.
8 marks)
10. The diagram below represents an artesian basin. Use it to answer question (a)

(a) Identify:
(i) The layers marked X and Y (2 marks)
(ii) The process marked Z (1 mark)
(b) Explain how the following factors influence the amount of underground water in
limestone areas:
(i) Rainfall
(4marks)
(ii) Vegetation cover (4 marks)
(c)
(i) Apart from stalagmites, name three other underground features formed in
limestone areas.
(3 marks)
(ii) With the aid of a diagram, describe how a stalagmite is formed (8 marks)
(d) Give three reasons why there are few settlements in kartst landscapes. (3 marks)

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 NAME……………………………………………………………….ADM…………………
SCHOOL……………………………………………………………INDEX……………….
DATE………………………………SIGN…………………………TARGET…………….
SERIES 2 PAPER TOP RANK KCSE MOCK 2024
312/1

GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1
TIME: 2 ¾ HOURS

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES.

o This paper consist of TWO sections A and B

o Answer all questions in section A
o Answer question six and any other two questions from section B

For examiner’s use only

CANDIDATE’S
QUESTIONS TOTAL SCORE

CANDIDATE’S
SCORE

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 SECTION A

1. a. Name three components of the solar system (3mks)

b. Give two weakness of the nebular cloud theory (2mks)

2. a. What is lunar eclipse (2mks)

b. Give the two dates of the year when equinoxes is experienced (2mks)

3. a. What is a sea breeze? (2mks) …

b. Give the four main zones of the earth’s atmosphere (4mks)

4. a. Name three man-made lakes in Kenya (3mks)

b. State two reasons why some Rift valley lakes in Kenya have saline water (2mks)

5. a. Define the term climate (2mks)

b. Mention any three consequences of climate changes (3mks)

SECTION B

Answer questions 6 and any other two questions in this section.

6.a. Study the map of Kisumu East (1:50,000) Kenya sheet 116/2 provided and answer the following
questions.

i) What is the title of the map? (1mk)

ii) identify two types natural vegetation in the area covered by the map. (2mks)

iii) Identify three man made features in grid square 0494. (3mks)

b. i) draw a rectangle to represent the area enclosed by Eastings 04 to 07 and Northings 85 to 87.
Enlarge it twice marking and naming following features; (5mks)

- road c544

-ditch

-swamp

-footpath

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 ii) Give the new scale of the enlarged section. (2mks)

c. i) Calculate the bearing of Ranjira school from the air Photo principal point (04) at grid
reference 0986. (2mks)

d. Identify four drainage features in the area covered by the map. (4mks)

e. Citing evidence from the map, explain three human factors that are likely to favour agriculture in
the area covered by the map. (6mks)

7. (a) (i) Apart from surface run off, give two other processes in the hydrological cycle.
(2 marks)
(ii) State three factors that determine the amount of surface run off. (3 marks)
(b) Explain three factors that influence the transportation of materials by a river.
(6 marks)
(c) (i) What is river rejuvenation? (2 marks)
(ii) Explain three conditions that lead to rejuvenation of a river. (6 marks)
(d) Explain three negative effects of rivers to the human environment. (6 marks)

8. (a) Name one fold mountain in:

(i) Asia ( 1mk)

(ii) North America ( 1mk)

(iii) South Africa ( 1 mk)

(b) (i) Apart from fold mountains, name three other features resulting from folding.
(3mks) (ii) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the formation of an
over thrust fold (5mks)

(c) Explain four effects of fold mountains on human activities . (8mks)

(d) Students are planning to carry out a field study on landforms in their conty.

(i) State three ways in which the students would prepare themselves for the field study. (3mks) (ii)
Give three advantages of studying landforms through field work (3mks)

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9. The diagram below represents zones of natural vegetation on a mountain use it to answer
questions

(a) (i) In your answer booklet, name the zones marked X,Y and Z (3mks)

(ii) Describe the characteristics of tropical Savannah vegetation (5mks)

(iii) State two reasons why the mountaintop has no vegetation (2mks)

(b) Explain three factors that have led to a decline of the natural grassland in Kenya.(6mks)

(c) Suppose you were to carry out a field study on the relationship between vegetation and
altitude

(i) State three hypotheses you would formulate for your study (3mks)

(ii) State four methods you would use to record the information collected during the field study (4mks)

(iii) Name the type of map you would draw to present your findings. (2mks)

10(a) Name two types of submerged coasts (2mks)

(b) Explain how the following factors determine the effectiveness of wave erosion along a coast

(i) Nature of the material transported by waves (3mks)

(ii) Nature of the coastal rocks (3mks)

(c) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is formed (7mks)

(d) (i) State four conditions that favour the growth of coral. (4mks)

(ii) Explain three ways in which coral contributes to the economic development of Kenya.
(6mks)

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NAME……………………………………………………………….ADM…………………
SCHOOL……………………………………………………………INDEX……………….
DATE………………………………SIGN…………………………TARGET…………….
SERIES 3 PAPER TOP RANK KCSE MOCK 2024
GEOGRAPHY 312/1

Time: 2 hrs 45 min

Instructions

1. This paper consists of two sections A and B

2. Answer all the questions in section A
3. Answer question 6 and any other two questions from section B.
4. Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Section Questions Maximum Candidate’s

Score Score
A 1-5 25
B 6 25
25
25

SECTION A

Answer all the questions in this section

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1 a) Give the forces which have contributed to the geoid shape of the Earth (3 marks)

b) Name the minerals that make up the core of the Earth (2 marks)

2 a) Give three causes of earthquakes (3 marks)

b) Name two major earthquakes zones of the world (2 marks)

3 a) Apart from aspect, list three other factors that influence the distribution of natural vegetation
(3 marks)

b) State two ways through which aspect influences the distribution of natural vegetation

(2 marks)

4 a) State three conditions necessary for the development of Karst scenery (3 marks)

b) Give two reasons why there are few settlements in Karst landscapes (2 marks)

5 a) Give two causes of river rejuvenation (2 marks)

b) Identify three features that result from river rejuvenation (3 marks)

SECTION B

Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section.

6 Study the map of Kisumu East (1:50000) provided and answer the following questions.

(a) i) What is the bearing of the trigonometrical station at Grid reference 081980 from the rock out
crop at grid reference 071992. (2 marks)

ii) Measure the length of the all – weather road (bound surface) B 2/1 from the junction at grid
reference 974911 to the edge of the Map, grid reference 947967.(Give your answer in
kilometers) (2 marks)
iii) Draw a rectangle 10m by 15cm to represent the area covered by the map. On a rectangle,
mark and name: (1 mark)

• A lake (1 mark)
• A plantation (1 mark)
• River Luando (1 mark)

b) i) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. (4 marks)

ii) Explain how relief has influenced settlement in the area covered by the map. (4 marks)

b) Citing evidence from the map, give three economic activities carried out in the area covered
by the map. (3 marks)

c) Students from the school at Masogo (grid square 0681) carried out a field study of the course of
River Ombeyi.

i) State three findings they are likely to have come up with (3 marks)

ii) Give three advantages of studying rivers through field work (3 marks)

7 a) i) What is a rock? (2 marks)

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ii) Give two examples of plutonic igneous rocks (2 marks)

b) Describe the processes of formation of each of the following types of sedimentary rocks:

i) Mechanically formed (4 marks)

ii) Organically formed (4 marks)

c) State five characteristics of rocks (5 marks) d) You

are planning to carry out a field study on rocks within the local environment.

i) List three methods you would use to collect data (3 marks)

ii)State three problems you are likely to encounter during the study.(3 marks)

iii)Give two economic uses of rocks. (2 marks)

8. a) i) Apart from an over thrust fold, name three other types of folds (3 marks)

ii) Describe the formation of an over thrust fold

(6 marks)

b) i) Name the young fold mountains found in the following continents

• Africa (1 mark)
• Europe (1 mark)
• Asia (1 mark)
• North America (1 mark)
ii) Apart from Fold Mountains, name four other features resulting from folding. (4 marks)
c) Explain four effects of folding on physical environment (8 marks)

9 a) i) Define an ocean (2 marks)

ii) Explain the three causes of variation in the amount of salt in ocean water (6 marks)

b) i) Identify three processes involved with wave erosion (3 marks)

ii) With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe the process through which a wave cut
platform is formed (8 marks)

c) You intend to carry out a field study on types of features resulting from wave deposition along the
coast

i) Identify three methods you would use to record data (3 marks)

ii) Give three depositional features you are likely to observe during field study (3 marks)

10 a) i) What is soil structure (2 marks)

ii) Explain how the following factors influence soil formation

• Time (2 marks)

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 • Parent rock (2 marks)

b) Describe the following properties of soil

• Soil texture (2 marks)

• Soil porosity (2 marks)

• Soil colour (2 marks)

c) State four negative effects of soil erosion (4 marks)

d) You are planning to carry out field study on soil around your school
i) State four preparations that you will make for the study (4 marks)

ii) Give three reasons why it is important to study soils through the field study (3 marks)

THE END

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NAME……………………………………………………………….ADM…………………
SCHOOL……………………………………………………………INDEX……………….
DATE………………………………SIGN…………………………TARGET…………….
SERIES 4 PAPER TOP RANK KCSE MOCK 2024
312/1GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1

FORM FOUR EXAM

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)
Geography paper 1
312/1

INSTRUCTIONS TO
CANDIDATES

1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above

2. Sign and write date of examination in the space provided.

3. This paper consists of TWO sections A and B

4. Answer ALL questions in Section A. In section B answer QUESTION 6 and

any other
TWO.
5. All answers MUST be written in the spaces provided at the end of question 10.
6. Answer all questions in English.
For Examiners Use Only

Section Questions Maximum Score Candidates Score

A 1–5 25
B 6 25
25
25
TOTAL SCORE 100

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 SECTION A
1. (a) What is geography (2marks) (b)

Give two types of environment (2marks)

2. The diagram below represents the structure of the earth. Use it to answer the questions.

(a) Name:
(i) the part marked P and R (2marks) (ii)

three features that makes up part marked Q (3marks)

3. (a) Differentiate between folding and faulting (2marks) (b)

Name three relief features formed as a result of folding (3marks)

4. (a) Apart from physical weathering, give two other types of weathering (2marks)

(b) List four physical weathering processes that takes place in Arid areas (4marks)

5. (a) What is drainage pattern (2marks) (b)

Give three types of drainage system (3marks)

SECTION B

Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section

6. Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50,000 (sheet 116/2) provided and answer the questions
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 (a)(i) What type of map is Kisumu East map extract? (1mark)

(ii) Give the latitudinal and longitudinal position of the North West corner of the map (2marks)

(iii) what is the general direction of the flow of the river Ombeyi (1marks)

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 (iv) Apart from rivers identify two any other drainage features in the area covered by the map (2marks)

(b) Give the six figure grid reference of the trigonometrical station SKP 14 in the North Eastern part
of the area covered by the map (2marks)

(c) (i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 100 meters, draw a cross section from grid reference
960980 to grid reference 030980 (4marks) (ii)

On the cross-section, mark and name the following

Rivers (1mark) Dry

weather road (1mark) Steep

slope (1mark)

(iii) Calculate the vertical exaggeration (VE) of the section (2marks) (d)

(i) Citing evidence from the map, identify two social services offered in Kisumu municipality (4marks)

(ii) Citing evidence from the map explains two factors that favour the establishment of plantation
in the area covered by the map (4marks)

7(a)(i) Give two examples of non-metallic minerals (2marks) (ii)

Describe the following characteristics of minerals

Colour (2marks)

Hardness (2marks) Lustre

(2marks)

(b) (i) Give two forms of metamorphism (2marks) (ii)

List three examples of metamorphism (3marks)

(c) (i) Describe the formation of plutonic rocks (3marks) (ii)

State two conditions necessary for the growth of coral polyps (2marks)

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(d) You are planning to carry out a field study on study on rocks within the local environment

(i) Formulate three objectives of your study (3marks) (ii)

For your field study, you have prepared a work schedule. State two items you would include in
the schedule (2marks) (iii)

Give two methods of data collection you will use while in field (2mark

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 8 (a) what is lava (2marks) (b) The

diagram below shows some intrusive volcanic features

(i) Name the features marked X, Y and Z (3marks)

(ii) Describe how the following features are formed

Sill (4marks)

Lopolith (4marks)

(c) Describe the composition of composite volcano (4marks)

(d) Explain four ways in which volcanic features influence human activity (8marks)

Q9 (a) Define an ocean (2marks) (ii) State

three types of seas (3marks) (b) (i) Give three

characteristics of the continental shelf (3marks) (ii) Describe the following

processes of wave erosion along the coast

Abrasion (2marks)

Hydraulic action (2marks)

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 Solution (2marks) (c) The

diagram below shows a breaking sea wave; use it to answer the questions below

(i) Name the features marked H, J, K (3marks) (ii)

With the aid of well labeled diagrams describe the process through which a stack is formed (8marks) Q10

(a) what is soil (2marks) (b) (i) List

three components of soil (3marks)

(ii) Explain how the following factors influence soil formation

Parent rock (4marks)

Topography (4marks)

(c) Draw a well labeled diagram of mature soil profile (4marks) (d)

Explain four ways in which human activities may lead to soil erosion (8marks

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SCHOOL……………………………………………………………INDEX……………….
DATE………………………………SIGN…………………………TARGET…………….
SERIES 5 PAPER TOP RANK KCSE MOCK 2024

312/1
GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1
TIME: 2¾ HOURS
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
312/1 GEOGRAPHY

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
• This paper has two sections A and B
• Answer ALL the questions in section A. In section B answer questions 6
and any other TWO questions.

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 SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section.

1. (a) What is the relationship between Geography and Mathematics? (2 marks)

(b) Identify three branches of Geography. (3 marks)

2. (a) Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow:

(i) What type of Eclipse is represented by the diagram? (1 mark)

(ii) Explain how the eclipse above occurs. (2 marks)

(b) What is the time at Hola on 400E when the time at Tema on 00 longitude is 12:00
noon? (2 marks)

3. (a) Apart from Fold Mountains, name three other features resulting from folding.
(3 marks)

(b) State two factors that determine the folding of crustal rocks. (2 marks)

4. (a) Give three reasons why some Lakes of Kenya have saline water. (3 marks)

(b) Outline two economic uses of lakes. (2 marks)

5. (a) What is natural vegetation? (2 marks)

(b) State three characteristics of the Mediterranean type of vegetation. (3 marks)

SECTION B

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6. Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50,000 (Sheet 116/2) provided and answer the
following questions.

(a) (i) What is the vertical interval of the map extract? (1 mark)

(ii) Using the marginal information, give the magnetic variation of the area
when the map extracts was drawn. (1 mark)

(iii) Measure the length of the regional boundary from the map edge at grid
square 9999 to Northing 97. Give your answer in kilometres. (2 marks)

(iv) What is the approximate height of the seasonal swamp in the Kano plains?
(2
marks)

(b) (i) Using a vertical scale of 1 centimetre to represent 50 metres draw a cross
section from grid reference 080920 to grid reference 080980. (4 marks)

On it, mark and label the following:

I. Sugarcane plantation (1 mark)
II. Steep slope (1 mark)
III. All weather road bound surface C543/1. (1 mark)

(ii) Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section. (2 marks)

(c) Describe the characteristics of the big profile of river Luando (6 marks)

(d) Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors that favour trade in the area
covered by the map. (4 marks)

7. (a) (i) What is a rock? (2 marks)

(ii) Describe the following characteristics of mineral:

• Tenacity (2 marks)
• Lusture (2 marks)
• Cleavage (2 marks)

(b) (i) Name two examples of intrusive igneous rocks. (2 marks)

(ii) Describe the formation of Plutonic rocks. (4 marks)

(c) Explain three significance of rocks to the economy of Kenya. (6 marks)

(d) Your class is planning to carry out a fieldwork on rocks around your school.

(i) Outline three activities you would engage in before the study.

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 (3 marks)

(ii) State two challenges you are likely to face during the field study.
(2 marks)

8. (a) Outline two ways in which river water flows within the channel. (2 marks)

(b) (i) State three factors that influence river erosion. (3 marks)

(ii) Describe how the river erodes through the following processes;
• Hydraulic action (4 marks)

• Solution (2 marks)

(c) Using a well labeled diagram, describe how the following feature are formed:
• Interlocking spurs (4 marks)
• Natural levees (4 marks)

(d) Explain three negative effects of rivers. (6 marks)

9. (a) (i) Differentiate between Vulcanicity and volcanicity. (2 marks)

(ii) Describe how lava plateau is formed. (4 marks)

(iii) The diagram below shows some intrusive features formed by

vulcanicity. Use it to answer questions below.

I. Name the features marked E, F and G. (3 marks)

II. Explain how feature marked E is formed. (4 marks)

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 (b) Students carried out a field study on volcanic rocks.

(i) Give four reasons why it is necessary to collect rock samples during
such a field study. (4
marks)

(ii) State two problems they are likely to have experienced during the field
study. (2 marks)

(iii) Outline two follow-up activities. (2 marks)

(c) (i) Give three causes of Earthquakes. (3 marks)

(ii) Name three natural major earthquake zones of the world. (3 marks)

10. (a) (i) What is soil contena? (2 marks)

(ii) Give three factors that determine the colour of soil. (3 marks)

(iii) State three ways in which mulching helps in soil conservation.

(3 marks)

(b) Explain how the following forming practices cases soil erosion.
(i) Burning (4 marks)

(ii) Over cultivation (4 marks)

(iii) Give two economic uses of soil. (2 marks)

(c) You are supposed to carry out a field study of an eroded area:

(i) State three methods you would use to control soil erosion. (3 marks)

(ii) What would be disadvantages of using secondary methods of collecting

data in this kind of study? (2 marks)

(iii) Identify the methods you would use to record the observations.
(2 marks)

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NAME……………………………………………………………….ADM…………………
SCHOOL……………………………………………………………INDEX……………….
DATE………………………………SIGN…………………………TARGET…………….
SERIES 6 PAPER TOP RANK KCSE MOCK 2024
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
312/1 GEOGRAPHY Paper 1
TIME: 2 HOURS 45 MINUTES
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• This paper has two sections: A and B
• Answer ALL the questions in section A.
• In section B, answer questions 6 and any other TWO questions.
• All the answers must be written on the foolscaps provided/attached after page 4.
• Candidates must answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Section Questions Maximum Candidate’s

Score Score
A 1-5 25
6 25
B
25
25
Total Score

This paper consists of 4 printed pages. Candidates should check the question
paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that no
questions/pages are missing.

SECTION A

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1. (a) Apart from the Sun and the planets, give two other heavenly bodies found
in the solar system. (2 marks)
(b) State three characteristics of the earth’s crust. (3 marks)
2. (a) Define the term weather. (2 marks)
(b) List two types of rainfall common in Kenya. (2 marks)
3. (a) Name two parts of Africa that experience equatorial climate. (2 marks)
(b) List three major climatic regions of Kenya. (3 marks)
4. (a) Give two categories of lakes formed due to earth movements. (2 mar
(b) State three conditions necessary for the formation of ox-bow lakes. (3 marks)
5. The diagram below shows an extrusive volcanic feature.

(a) Identify the parts marked E, F and G. (3 marks)

(b) Outline three ways in which a caldera may be formed. (3 marks)

SECTION B
(Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section)

6. Study the map of Kisumu East (1:50,000 sheet 116/2) provided and use it to
answer the following questions.

(a) (i) What is the four figure grid reference of the point where road B 2/1
reaches along the western margin of the map extract? (2 marks)

(ii) Measure the length of Kisumu Municipality boundary. Give your answer in
kilometres. (2 marks)

(b) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (5 marks)

(c) Citing evidence from the map, give three social services offered at Kisumu Town.
(6 marks)

(d) (i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 100m, draw an accurate cross
section along easting 05 from northing 99 to northing 92. (4 marks)

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(ii) On the cross section, mark and name:

➢ A steep slope
➢ A boundary
➢ Road C 543/1
➢ A railway line. (4 marks)

(iii) Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section. (2 marks)

7. (a) (i) Define the term folding. (2 marks)

(b) (i) Name five types of folds. (5 marks)

(ii) With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe how Fold
Mountains were formed. (10 marks)
(c) Explain four economic importance Fold Mountains to people. (8 marks)

8. (a) (i) Define the term earthquake. (2 marks)

(ii) The diagram below shows the occurrence of an earthquake. Name

the parts marked A, B, and C. (3 marks)

(b) (i) Apart from the movement of tectonic plates, outline four other
natural causes of earthquakes. (4 marks)

(ii) Explain two ways in which movement of tectonic plates causes

earthquakes. (4 marks)
(c) State three differences between the intensity and magnitude of an
earthquake. (6 marks)

(d) Explain three effects of earthquakes in built up areas. (6 marks)

9. (a) (i) What is a river? (2 marks)

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 (ii) List three types of river erosion. (3 marks)

(b) Explain four ways through which a gorge may be formed. (8 marks)

(c) Explain the following drainage systems.

(i) Accordant drainage. (2 marks)

(iii) Back tilted drainage. (2 marks)

(d) Suppose you were to carry out a field study along the lower course of a major
river.

(i) State five reasons why it is important to conduct a pre-visit to the area
of study. (5 marks)

(ii) State three follow –up activities that you would do after the study. (3
marks)

10. The diagram below shows some features that form ocean topography.

(a) (i) Identify the features marked X, Y and Z. (3 marks)

(ii) State three sources of salt in ocean water. (3 marks)
(b) Explain how the following factors influence the rate of wave erosion:
(i) Gradient of the coast. (2 marks)

(ii) Nature of coastal rocks. (2 marks)

(iii) Size of waves. (2 marks)

(c) Describe how a cave is formed at the coast. (5 marks)

(d) Explain four economic importance of coastal features. (8 marks)

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NAME……………………………………………………………….ADM…………………
SCHOOL……………………………………………………………INDEX……………….
DATE………………………………SIGN…………………………TARGET…………….
SERIES 7 PAPER TOP RANK KCSE MOCK 2024
312/1
GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS 45 MINUTES.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.
312/1
Paper 1
GEOGRAPHY
INSTRUCTION TO STUDENTS.
a. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided.
b. Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above.
c. This paper has two sections A and B.
d. Answer ALL the questions in section A.
e. Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from section B. .
f. Answers must be written in the spaces provided at the end of question 10.
g. This paper consists of 16 printed pages.
h. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are
printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
i. Candidates should answer the questions in English.

SECTION A: 25 MARKS
Answer ALL questions in this section.

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1. (a) What is physical Geography? (2marks)
(b) Give three divisions of physical Geography. (2marks)
2. State four effects of rotation of the earth (4marks)
3. The diagram below represents zones of natural vegetation on a mountain. Use it to answer
questions that follow

Height in metres

Tropical Rainforest

a) Identify the vegetation zones marked X and Y. (2marks)

b) State four characteristics of tropical rainforest vegetation. (4marks)

4. (a) Identify two erosional processes in a desert landscape. (2marks)

(b) Describe deflation as wind erosional process (3marks)
5. (a) Define a lake (2marks)
(b) Give three reasons why some rift valley lakes are fresh water. (3marks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two question in this section.

6.(a) Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50,000 (sheet 116/2) provided and answer the
following questions.
i. What type of map is Kisumu East map extract? (1mark)

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 ii. Give two scales that have been used in the map extract. (2marks)
iii. What is the bearing of the trigonometrical station at grid square 0383 from the
Air Photo Principal Point at grid square 0281? (2marks)

(b). i. Measure the length of the All Weather Road Bound Surface B2/1 from the junction at
Grid square 9793 to the western edge of the map extract. Give your answer in kilometer.
(2marks)
ii. What is the altitude of the highest point in the area covered by the map?
(2marks)
(c). Draw a rectangle measuring 16cm by 10cm to represent the area enclosed by Eastings 02
and 10 and Northing 90 and 00. (1mark)
On the rectangle, mark and name the following. (4marks)
• Nyando escarpment.
• All Weather Road Bound Surface C543/1
• Prison
• Agricultural Sugar Research Station.

(d). i. Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (5marks)
ii. Citing evidence from the map, identify three social services offered in Kisumu
Municipality. 6marks)

7. a).The diagram below shows the structure of the earth. Use it to answer the question that
follows.

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 i. Name the parts marked : (2marks)
• P
• Q
ii. Describe the composition of the crust (5marks)
(b). i. Define the term solar system. (2marks)
ii. Using a well labelled diagram describe the occurrence of the solar eclipse. (5marks)
(c). i). What is climate change? (2marks)
ii. State four human activities which contribute to greenhouse effect. (4marks)
iii. Mention effects of global warming on human activities. (5marks)

8.(a) (i) What are earth movements? (2marks)

(ii) State three causes of earth movements? (3marks)
(b) Describe how a recumbent fold is formed. (4marks)
(c) (i) Apart from a recumbent fold, name two other types of folds. (2marks)
(ii) Name four features resulting from folding apart from fold mountains. (4marks)

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 (iii). Name two examples of fold mountains in Africa. (2mks)
(d) Explain four significance of folding to human activities. (8marks)
9. (a). i. Define the term hydrological cycle. (2marks)
ii. Give three processes of hydrological cycle. (3marks)
(b). i. State three factors that influence river erosion. (3marks)
ii. Describe the following river erosion processes.
• Abrasion (3marks)
• Solution. (3marks)

(c). i. Apart from arcuate delta, name two other types of coastal delta. (2marks)
ii. Explain three conditions necessary for delta formation. (6marks)
(d). State three factors which influence the formation of river drainage patterns.(3marks)
10. .) a.) Give two places in East Africa that are permanently covered by ice (2marks)
b.) i.) Identify three ways in which glaciers move (3marks)
ii.) Explain factors that influence the movement of ice. (4marks)
c.) i.) Describe how the hanging valleys are formed (6marks)
ii.) State three significance of lowland glacial features to human activities (3marks)
d) Your class plans to carry out a field study on glaciation on the slopes of Mt. Kenya.
i.) What preparations will you make before the actual study (4 marks)
ii.) Identify three methods that you will use to collect data during your study (3 marks)

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NAME……………………………………………………………….ADM…………………
SCHOOL……………………………………………………………INDEX……………….
DATE………………………………SIGN…………………………TARGET…………….
SERIES 8 PAPER TOP RANK KCSE MOCK 2024
GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 312/1
SECTION A
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

1. a) What is the relationship between Geography and Mathematics. (2mks)

b) State four reasons why it is important to study Geography. (4mks)

2. a) The diagram below shows an eclipse. Name the features marked V and W. (2mks)

V EARTH W

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

b) State four proofs that the shape of the earth is spherical. (4mks)

3. a) Name two forms of precipitation that commonly occur on Kenya highlands.

(2mks)
b) What is a Stevenson screen? (2mks)

4. a) Give four proofs that support the theory of continental drift. (4mks)

5. a) State the two causes of vertical movement of the ocean water. (2mks)
b) List three types of ocean tides (3mks)

SECTION B
ANSWER QUESTION 6 AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.

6. Study the map of Nyeri 1:50,000 (sheet 120/4) provided and answer the following
questions.
a) i) Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (2mks)
ii) Convert the scale of map into a statement scale. (2mks)
iii) What is the height of the Nyeri Hill forest? (2mks)

b) i) Give the six figure grid reference of the ARK lodge. (2mks)
ii) What is the distance in kilometres of the Naivasha road (E579) from the
junction at GR 5847 to the western edge of the map. (2mks)

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 c) Reduce by two, the area enclosed by Eastings 60 to 70 and Northings 50 to 60
(2mks)
i) On the square, mark and name the following features
- Aberdare national park (1mk)
- Nyeri Hill forest (1mk)
- River Chanya (1mk)
- Municipality or township boundary (1mk)
- Kamwenja coffee factory (1mk)

ii) Find the new scale for the reduced area (2mks)

d) Citing evidence, identify three social services carried out in Nyeri Municipality
(6mks)
7. a) i) What is a mineral? (2mks)
ii) Describe the following characteristics of minerals.
a) Lustre (2mks)
b) Colour (2mks)
c) Density (2mks)

b) i) Name two examples of extrusive igneous rocks. (2mks)

ii) Describe three ways in which sedimentary rocks are formed. (6mks)

c) Explain the significance of rocks to the economy of Kenya under the following:
i) Tourism (2mks)
ii) Energy (2mks)
iii) Water (2mks)

d) For each of the following sedimentary rocks, name the resultant rock that forms
after metamorphism. (3mks)
i) Sandstone-
ii) Limestone
iii) Clay

8. a) i) Apart from Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), list four physical factors
that influence climate. (4mks)
ii) Give four characteristics of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) (4mks)

b) i) Name the three equatorial climatic regions of Kenya. (3mks)

ii) Describe the characteristics of Tundra climate. (6mks)

c) Explain four human causes of desertification. (8mks)

9. a) The diagram below represents some coastal features.

i) Name the features marked P, Q and R (3mks)

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 P-
Q-
R-

ii) State three conditions necessary for the formation of a beach. (3mks)

b) i) Apart from Bird’s foot delta, name two other types of coastal deltas. (2mks)
ii) Draw a diagram to show a Bird’s foot delta. (3mks)
iii) Describe how a Bird’s foot delta is formed. (4mks)

c) i) Differentiate between a barrier reef and a fringing reef. (2mks)

ii) Explain four factors that influence the development of coasts (8mks)

10. a) i) What is an ice sheet? (2mks)

ii) Give two reasons why there are no ice sheets in Kenya. (2mks)
iii) Explain three factors that influence the movement of ice from the place of
accumulation. (6mks)

b) Describe how an Arete is formed. (4mks)

c) i) Name three types of Moraine. (3mks)

ii) Explain four positive effects of glaciations in lowland areas. (8mks)

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NAME……………………………………………………………….ADM…………………
SCHOOL……………………………………………………………INDEX……………….
DATE………………………………SIGN…………………………TARGET…………….
SERIES 9 PAPER TOP RANK KCSE MOCK 2024
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

312/1
Paper 1 Geography
Time - 2 ¾ hours

Instructions to students
1. Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided above.
2. This paper consists of two section A and B
3. Answer all the questions in section A
4. Answer question 6 and any other two questions from section B
5. All you answer must be written in the spaces provided in this question paper.
6. Candidates should answer the questions in English.

For Examiner’s use only.

Section Question Maximum’s Candidate’s

Score Score
A 1-5 25
B 6 25

7 25
9 25

10 25
100
Total

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 SECTION A

1. a). What is wildlife? 2marks

b). Name three game sanctuaries in Kenya 3marks

2. a) Draw a well labelled diagram showing the three functional zones of an ideal urban centre .

(2marks)
b) State three factors leading to the emergence of slums in urban areas (3marks)
3. a) Give two reasons how the following factors influenced the development of iron and
steel
industry

• Availability of water. (2marks)

• Historical reasons (2marks)

4 a). Distinguish under-population from overpopulation. (2marks)

b) Below is a table showing the intercensual births and deaths in Kenya (millions)

2013 2014 2015

Number of Births 34.9 32.3 31.8

Number of Deaths 8.3 7.0 5.8

Total Population 44.8 46.0 47.2

Source: Hypothetical

i. Calculate the crude birth rate of 2013 (2 marks)

ii. Calculate the death rate of 2015 (2 marks)

iii. The numerical population increase in Kenya between 2013 and 201 (2marks)

5 a). What is land reclamation? (1 mark)

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 b) State two factors that determine the amount of water to be supplied to agricultural
land
(2 marks)
SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section

6. Study the map of Karatina 1:50,000 (sheet 121/3) provided and answer the following questions.

(a) (i) What is the title of the map extract? (1 mark)

(ii) Give the name of the map extract bordering Karatina to the east (1 mark)

(b) (i) Name two human features in grid square 0346. (2 marks)

(ii) What is the bearing of the Air photo principal point in grid square 9452 (13A/13) from
the trigonometric station in grid square 9552 (121T7) (2 marks)

(c) Calculate the area of the natural forest in Kirinyaga District (2 marks)
(d) (i) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 20 meters, draw an accurate cross section from
grid square 850570 to grid square 910570. (3 marks)

(ii) On the cross section mark and name;

- Forest (1 mark)

- River (1 mark)

(iv) Determine indivisibility between the two end points (1 mark)

(e) Describe the drainage of the area in the map extract (5 marks)

(f) Students of a school at Ragati went for a field study in Karatina Township.

(i) Name two types of settlement patterns they may have identified in the town. (2 marks)

(ii) State four solutions to problems they may have encountered during the field study. (4 marks)
7. (a) What is a rock? (2marks)
(b) (i) Classify rocks according to their mode of formation. (3marks)
(ii) Identify two classes of rocks mentioned in (i) above that are

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 formed from the already existing rocks. (2marks)
(iii) List two characteristics of rocks. (2marks)
(c) (i) List two main types of rocks dominant in Kenya. (2marks)
(ii) Explain the importance of studying rocks. (6marks)
(d) Explain four benefits of rocks to the economy of a country. (8marks)
8. (a) (i) What is mass movement? (2marks)

(ii) List the two broad categories of mass wasting. (2marks)

(b) (i) What is soil creep? (2marks)
(ii) Describe the factors that cause soil creep. (5marks)
(c) Differentiate between soils creeps and rock slide. (6marks)
(d) Explain the negative effects of mass wasting on physical and human
environment. (8marks)
9. (a) Differentiate between a ocean and a sea. (2marks)
(b) (i) Identify the main cause of water movement in the ocean. (2marks)
(ii) Identify the two main water movements in the oceans. (2marks)
(c) List three processes through which erosion occurs along the Coasts. (3marks)
(d) Using a well labeled diagram describe the formation of a spit. (5marks)
(e) Describe the three types of coasts. (6marks)
(f) Explain how oceans currents influence the climate of the surroundings. (5marks)
10. (a) Describe how a river erodes its channels by the following process.

(i) Hydraulic action (2marks)

(ii) Abrasion (2marks)

(b) (i) Explain three factors that lead to rejuvenation of a river (6maraks)
(ii) Describe the process of a river capture. (6marks)
(c) Some students carried out a field study on the feature found a long a river.
(i) List three features formed as a result of river erosion. (3marks)
(ii) State three methods that students may have used to record their data (2marks)
(iii) Explain two ways in which features resulting from river deposition are of
significance to human activities. (4marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

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NAME……………………………………………………………….ADM…………………
SCHOOL……………………………………………………………INDEX……………….
DATE………………………………SIGN…………………………TARGET…………….
SERIES 10 PAPER TOP RANK KCSE MOCK 2024
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

312/1
Paper 1 Geography
Time - 2 ¾ hours

Instructions to students

Write your name, index number and other required details in the spaces provided.
1. Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided.
2. This paper consists of two sections A and B.
3. Answer all questions in section A.
4. Answer questions 6 and any other two questions in section B.
5. Answers must be written on the foolscaps provided

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY.

Section Questions Maximum score Candidate’s score
A 1-5 25
B 6 25
25
25

TOTAL SCORE 100

SECTION A

Answer all questions in this section

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 1. The diagram below represent the flow of air currents. Use it to answer
question a and b.

a) Name the air current marked F.

(1mk)
b) Describe how the air current marked E occurs.
(4mks)
2. a) What is Relative Humidity?
(2mks)
b) The table below shows temperature readings of Dry bulb thermometer
and wet bulb thermometer in three weather stations.

STATION DRY BULB WET BULB

THERMOMETER THERMOMETER
J 300C 280C
K 300C 50C
L 300C 300C

Give the state of relative humidity in station J, K and L. (3mks)

3. a) Differentiate between a magnitude of an earthquake and intensity of

an earthquake. (2mks)
b) Describe how a dyke is formed. (3mks)
4. a) Name two types of ice masses found on mountains in East Africa.
(2mks)
b) State three distinctive characteristics of a pyramid peak. (3mks)
5. a) Name two ocean currents along the Western Coast of Africa.(2mks)
b) State three causes of ocean currents. (3mks)
SECTION B

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Answer question 6 and any other two questions.
6. Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50,000 (sheet 116/2) provided and
answer the following questions.
a) i) What type of map is Kisumu East Sheet? (1mk)
ii) Give the vertical interval of the map. (1mk)
iii) State the latitudinal and longitudinal position of North West
corner of the map. (2mks)
b) i) What is the bearing of the trigonometrical station at Grid reference
081980 from rock outcrop at grid reference 071992? (2mks)
ii) Measure the length of all weather road bound surface B2/1 from
the junction at Grid reference 974911 to the edge of the map grid
reference 947967. Give your answer in kilometres. (2mks)
c) i) Draw a cross section between Grid Reference 070940 and
070980. Use a vertical scale 1cm to represent 100 metres. (4mks)
ii) On the cross section, mark and name:-
• All weather road bound surface. (1mk)
• River (1mk)
iii) Calculate the vertical exaggeration (VE) of the cross section. (2mks)
d) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. (5mks)
e) Citing evidence from the map, give two social services offered in
Kisumu Town. (4mks)
7. a) Describe the following characteristics of minerals.
i) Lustre (2mks)
ii) Density (2mks)
iii) Cleavage (2mks)
b) Giving an example for each, describe the three types of mechanically
formed sedimentary rocks. (9mks)

c) You are required to carry out a field study on the types of rocks within
the vicinity of your school.
i) State four reasons why you would conduct a reconnaissance (4mks)
ii) State how you would use the following items during the field study.
• Geological hammer (2mks)
• Magnifying lens (2mks)
• Geological map (2mks)
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 8. a) Give two types of Earth Movement within the earth’s crust. (2mks)
b) i) Describe the origin of continents according to the theory of
Continental Drift. (6mks)
ii) Explain the following evidence which support the theory of
Continental Drift.
• Paleontological evidence. (2mks)
• Paleoclimatic evidence. (2mks)
• Sea floor spreading. (2mks)
c) i) Name one fold mountains in:-
• North America (1mk)
• Asia (1mk)
• Africa (1mk)

ii) With the aid of well labeled diagrams, describe how Fold
Mountains are formed. (8mks)

9. a) i) What is a river Divide. (2mks)

ii) Describe the three types of River Erosion. (9mks)
b) Explain the following drainage patterns and systems.
i) Dendritic. (2mks)
ii) Superimposed. (4mks)
c) Explain four ways in which Rivers Negatively affect human
environment. (8mks)
10.a) i) What is soil texture. (2mks)
ii) Give two types of soil according to texture. (2mks)
b) Explain how the following factors influence the formation of soil.
i) Parent Rock (4mks)
ii) Living organisms. (4mks)

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 c) The diagram below represents a well-developed soil profile. Use it to
answer question C.

i) Name three layers of Horizon A (3mks)

ii) Describe the characteristics of Horizon B. (3mks)
d) i) State three economic benefits of soil. (3mks)
ii) Describe the following types of soil erosion.
• Sheet erosion. (2mks)
• Gully erosion. (2mks)

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WE HAVE ALSO THE FOLLOWING
1. MATHEMATICS
• FORM 1 - FORM 4 TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
• FORM 1 – FORM 4 OPENER,MID-TERM AND ENDTERM EXAMS
• TOP RANK PREDICTION MOCK SERIES EVERY YEAR
• FORM 1- FORM 4 NOTES
• SCHEMES OF WORH EVERY YEAR
2. ENGLISH
•
FORM 1 - FORM 4 TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
•
FORM 1 – FORM 4 OPENER, MID-TERM AND ENDTERM EXAMS
•
TOP RANK PREDICTION MOCK SERIES EVERY YEAR
•
FORM 1- FORM 4 NOTES
•
SCHEMES OF WORH EVERY YEAR
•
POETRY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
•
POETRY NOTES
•
PARLIAMENT OF OWIS,ARTIST OF THE FLOATING WORLD ,THE
SAMARITAN, SILENT SONGS,FATHERS OF NATIONS (EXERPT
QUESTIONS, GUIDES, ESSAYS AND MARKING SCHEMES, VIDEOS
AVAILABLE).
3. KISWAHILI
• FORM 1 - FORM 4 TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
• FORM 1 – FORM 4 OPENER, MID-TERM AND ENDTERM EXAMS
• TOP RANK PREDICTION MOCK SERIES EVERY YEAR
• FORM 1- FORM 4 NOTES
• SCHEMES OF WORH EVERY YEAR
• USHAIRI QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
• USHAIRI NOTES
• ALL SETBOOK QUESTIONS, VIDEOS,GUIDES AND ASNSWER
AVAILABLE

4. BIO,CHEM,PHY,AGRIC,BST,COMP,HMSC,GEO,HIST,CRE
WE HAVE THE FOLLOWING FOR THE ABOVE 10 SUBJECTS
• FORM 1 - FORM 4 TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
• FORM 1 – FORM 4 OPENER,MID-TERM AND ENDTERM EXAMS
• TOP RANK PREDICTION MOCK SERIES EVERY YEAR
• FORM 1- FORM 4 NOTES
• SCHEMES OF WORH EVERY YEAR
• WE HAVE : TOP SCHOOLS PRE-MOCKS,MOCKS,PREDICTIONS,POST MOCKS,TERMLY
EXAMS,AND ALL OTHER LEVELS EXAMS INCLUDIND CBC
• FOR QUESTIONS IN WORD AND MARKING
SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729125181
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