Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical examination:

Physical state: Crystalline solid

Odour : Ammonical smell.
Solubility: Soluble in water.

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference

1. Test for Acidic radical:

 Take small amount the given salt in a dry A colorless, odorless gas is Carbonate CO32 may be
test tube and add few drops of dilute evolved with brisk present.
sulphuric acid. effervescence.
 Pass the evolved gas through freshly Lime water turns milky. CO32 Confirmed.
prepared lime water.
 On passing the gas for some more time Milkiness disappears CO32 Confirmed
 To the O.S or S.E of given salt add
MgSO4 solution. White ppt is formed. CO32 Confirmed

2. Test for Basic radical:

Ammonical smell comes Zero group present
1. Take small amount of given salt in test tube out. NH4+ may be present
and add NaOH solution and heat. White fumes are observed. NH4+ Confirmed
2. Bring a glass rod dipped in hydrochloric acid
near the mouth of the test tube. Brown precipitate is NH4+ Confirmed
3. To the aqueous solution of the given salt add obtained.
Nessler’s reagent. K2[HgI4] Deep blue coloration NH4+ Confirmed
4. To the O.S. add NaOH solution and CuSO4 produced.
solution.

Result: Given salt No…. Contain Acid radical: CO32

Basic radical: NH4+

 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical Examination:

Physical state: Solid Crystalline.

Solubility: Soluble in water.
Odor: Odorless
Colour: Colourless

Experiment Observation Inference

Test For Acid radical(Anion):

 Take a pinch of the given salt in dry No effervescence and Dil H2SO4 group radical.
test tube and add dil. H2SO4 evolution of vapour. CO32, S2, NO2 SO32
CH3COO–may be absent.
 Take small amount of given salt in Intense radish brown fumes Br may be present.
dry test tube again and add few drops are evolved.
of conc. H2SO4 + Heat.
 To the O.S. of the salt add AgNO3 A light/ pale yellow ppt. is Br confirmed.
solution. obtained which is partially
soluble in NH4OH.
 Organic layer test: Prepare aqueous A redish brown colouration in Br confirmed.
solution of salt acidified with HNO3 the organic layer produced.
and add few drops of
CS2/CCl4/CHCl3 and then excess
chlorine water. Shake vigorously
and allow to stand.

Test For Basic radical(Cation):

 Take a pinch of salt in test tube and Characteristic ammonical NH4+ may be present.
smell comes out.
add NaOH solution.
 Bring a glass road dipped in dil. HCl White fumes of NH4Cl are NH4+ Confirmed.
at the mouth of test tube. produced.
 To the O.S. of the salt add Nessler’s Redish Brown ppt. produced. NH4+ Confirmed.
Reagent K2[HgI4]
 To the O.S. add NaOH solution and Deep blue coloration NH4+ Confirmed.
CuSO4 solution. produced.

Result: The given inorganic salt No….. Contain.

Acid radical  Br Basic radical  NH4+

 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical Examination:

Physical state: Solid Crystalline.

Solubility: Soluble in water.
Odor: Odorless
Colour: Colourless

Experiment Observation Inference

Test For Acid radical(Anion):

 Take small amount of given salt in Colourless gas with smell of CH3COO may be present.
dry test tube and add dil H2SO4.. vinegar comes out. The
Vapours turn blue litmus red.
 Oxalic acid test: Take a small
quantity of the salt on a watch glass. Vinegar like smell comes out.. CH3COO Confirmed.
Mix it with solid oxalic acid. Prepare
paste of it with a few drops of water.
Rub the paste and smell.
 Ester test: Take a small quantity of Pleasant fruity smell of ester CH3COO Confirmed.
the salt in a test tube. Add few drops comes out.
of conc. H2SO4 and ethanol, heat in
water bath.

 Ferric chloride test: To the O.S. of Redish Brown precipitate or CH3COO Confirmed.
the salt add neutral ferric chloride colouration produced.
solution.

Test For Basic radical(Cation):

 Take a pinch of salt in test tube and No ammonical smell comes Group Zero absent.
out. +
NH4 is absent.
add NaOH solution.
 Prepare O.S. of the salt and add dil. White precipitate appears,
HCl . Group–I Present.
 Boil the white precipitate. Divide the Pb+2 May be present.
dissolved precipitate obtained into
two parts.
 Potassium iodide test. To the one Yellow precipitate formed. Pb+2 Confirmed.
part, add KI solution.
 Potassium Chromate test. To the Orange- yellow precipitate Pb+2 Confirmed.
second part of the solution add formed
K2CrO4 solution.

Result: The given inorganic salt No….. Contain.

Acid radical  CH3COO Basic radical  Pb+2

 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical Examination:

Physical state: Solid Crystalline.

Solubility: Soluble in water.
Odour: Odourless
Colour: Colourless
Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Acidic radical:

 Take small amount of given salt in No reaction. No gas evolved. Dil H2SO4 group radical.
dry test tube and add dil H2SO4. CO32–, S2–, NO2–, SO32–
Colourless, odourless gas is CH3COO–may be absent.
 Take small amount of given salt in evolved which turns lime
dry test tube again and add few drops water milky and the gas C2O4 –2 may be present.
of conc. H2SO4 + Heat coming out of lime water
burns with
a blue flame, if ignited.

 Calcium chloride test: Take O.S. or A white precipitate insoluble

sodium carbonate extract acidified in ammonium oxalate and C2O4 –2 confirmed.
with acetic acid in a test tube and add oxalic acid solution.
calcium chloride solution.

 Add dilute HCl and dilute HNO3 to White ppt dissolves. C2O4 –2 confirmed.
above precipitate formed.
Pink colour of KMnO4 C2O4 –2 confirmed.
 Potassium permanganate test: Take
solution is discharged with
a pinch of the salt in test tube and add
evolution of CO2 gas.
dil sulphuric acid. Warm to 60–70°C
and add 2–3 drops of KMnO4
solution
The lime water turns milky C2O4 –2 confirmed.
 Pass the gas coming out through lime
water.

Test For Basic radical(Cation):

Characteristic ammonical NH4+ may be present.
 Take a pinch of salt in test tube and smell comes out.
add NaOH solution.
 Bring a glass road dipped in dil. HCl White fumes of NH4Cl are NH4+ Confirmed.
at the mouth of test tube. produced.
 To the O.S. of the salt add Nessler’s Redish Brown ppt. produced. NH4+ Confirmed.
Reagent K2[HgI4]
 To the O.S. add NaOH solution and Deep blue coloration NH4+ Confirmed.
CuSO4 solution. produced.

Result: The given inorganic salt No….. Contain.

Acid radical  C2O4 –2 Basic radical  NH4+

 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical Examination:

Physical state: Solid Crystalline.

Solubility: Soluble in water.
Odour: Odourless
Colour: Colourless

Experiment Observation Inference

Test For Acid radical(Anion):

 Take a pinch of the given salt in dry test No effervescence and Dil H2SO4 group radical. CO32,
tube and add dil. H2SO4 evolution of vapour. S2, NO2 SO32 may be absent.

 Take small amount of given salt in dry A colourless gas with pungent Cl may be present.
test tube again and add few drops of smell evolved.
conc. H2SO4 + Heat
 Add MnO2 to the above test tube. Greenish yellow coloured gas Cl confirmed.
produced.
 Bring a glass rod dipped in NH4OH
near the mouth of the test tube. Dense white fumes produced. Cl confirmed.
A curdy white precipitate is Cl confirmed.
 To the O.S. of the salt add AgNO3
obtained which is soluble in
solution.
NH4OH solution.
 Chromyl chloride test: Take small A yellow precipitate is formed.
quantity of salt and a pinch of solid Cl confirmed.
K2Cr2O7 in a test tube, add conc.
H2SO4, heat and pass the gas evolved
through NaOH solution. It becomes
yellow.Now add acetic acid and lead
acetate solution.

Test For Basic radical(Cation):

 Take a pinch of salt in test tube and add No ammonical smell comes out. Group zero absent.
NaOH solution. NH4+ is absent.
 Prepare O.S. of the salt and add dil. HCl No reaction or ppt formed.
Group–I absent.
.
No precipitate formed.
 Pass H2S through the above solution. Group–II absent.
 Boil off H2S and add solid No precipitate formed.
NH4Cl + NH4OH in excess. Group–III absent.
 Pass H2S again through above solution. Group–IV present.
 Dissolve the precipitate in dilute HCl by Dirty white precipitate formed.
Zn+2 may be present.
boiling and divide the solution into two
parts.
(a) To the first part add NaOH solution. A white precipitate, soluble
in excess of NaOH solution
Zn+2 Confirmed.
(b) Neutralise the second part with A bluish white / pea green
NH4OH solution and add potassium coloured precipitate appears.
Zn+2 Confirmed.
ferrocyanide solution.

Result: The given inorganic salt No….. Contain.

Acid radical  Cl Basic radical  Zn+2

 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical examination:

Physical state: Crystalline solid

Odor : Odour less.
Solubility: Soluble in water.
Colour: Bluish Green solid

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference

1. Test For Acid radical(Anion):

 Take small amount of given salt in dry test tube No Reaction Dil H2SO4 group radical.
and add dil H2SO4 CO32, S2, NO2 SO32 may
be absent.
 Take small amount of given salt in dry test tube Conc H2SO4 group radical
again and add few drops of conc. H2SO4 + Heat Cl, Br I, NO3,
CH3COO– are absent.
 To the O.S.of the salt add BaCl2 solution. White precipitate formed SO42– confirmed.

 To the O.S.of the salt add Acetic acid and lead White precipitate formed SO42– confirmed.
2. acetate solution.

Test For Basic radical(Cation):

 Take a pinch of salt in test tube and add NaOH No ammonical smell Zero group absent
solution. comes out. NH4+ is absent.
No reaction or ppt formed. Group–I absent.
 Prepare O.S. of the salt and add dil. HCl .
 Pass H2S through the above solution. Black ppt formed Group–II present.
 Dissolve the black ppt in dil HNO3 and divide
Cu+2 may be present.
in to two part.
 To part one add excess of ammonium A deep blue solution Cu+2 Confirmed.
hydroxide solution. [Cu(NH3)4]+2 is obtained,
 To second part add potassium ferrocyanide A chocolate brown
Cu+2 Confirmed.
K4[Fe(CN)6] solution. precipitate Cu2[Fe(CN)6]is
formed.

Result: Given salt No…. Contain Acid radical: SO42–

Basic radical: Cu+2

 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical examination:
Physical state: Crystalline solid
Odour : No. smell.
Solubility: Soluble in water.

Experiment Observation Inference

S.No.

1. Test For Acid radical(Anion):

 Take small amount of given salt in dry test tube No reaction. No

gas Dil H2SO4 group radical.
and add dil H2SO4 evolved. CO32–, S2–, NO2–, SO32–
may be absent.
 Take small amount of given salt in dry test tube A light reddish brown gas
–
again and add few drops of conc. H2SO4 + Heat evolved which turned NO3 may be present.
 FeSO4 solution black.
–
 Add few copper chips to above test tube and Dense Reddish brown gas NO3 confirmed.
heat. evolved and the solution
acquires blue colour..
2.
 Ring test. To 2–3 ml of the salt solution, added A dark brown ring formed NO3– confirmed.
freshly prepared FeSO4 solution. Now added at the junction of the two
conc. sulphuric acid along the sides of the test liquids.
tube.
 To the O.S. add Diphenyl amine solution. Violet/deep blue NO3– confirmed.
colouration produced at
Test For Basic radical(Cation): the junction of solutions..
 Take a pinch of salt in test tube and add NaOH
No ammonical smell Zero group absent
solution. NH4+ is absent.
comes out.
 Prepare O.S. of the given salt and add dil. HCl . No reaction or ppt formed. Group–I absent.
 Pass H2S through the above solution. No reaction or ppt formed. Group–II absent.

 Boil off H2S and add solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in White gelatinous Group–III present.
excess. precipitate formed. Al+3 may be present
 Dissolve the white precipitate in dilute HCl and
divide into two parts. A white gelatinous
(a) To the first part add sodium hydroxide precipitate soluble in Al+3 Confirmed.
solution and warm. excess of sodium
hydroxide solution.
(b) To the second part first add blue litmus
solution and then ammonium hydroxide A blue floating mass/ppt Al+3 Confirmed.
solution drop by drop along the sides of the test in the colourless solution
tube. is obtained.

Result: Given salt No…. Contain Acid radical: NO3–

Basic radical: Al+3

 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical examination:

Physical state: Crystalline solid

Odor : No smell.
Solubility: Soluble in water.

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference

Test For Acid radical(Anion):

1.
 Take small amount of given salt in dry test tube No reaction. No
gas Dil H2SO4 group radical.
and add dil H2SO4 evolved. CO32–, S2–, NO2–, SO32–
may be absent.
 Take small amount of given salt in dry test tube A light reddish brown gas NO3– may be present.
again and add few drops of conc. H2SO4 + Heat evolved which turned
FeSO4 solution black.
–
 Add few copper chips to above test tube and Dense Reddish brown gas NO3 confirmed.
heat. evolved and the solution
acquires blue colour..

2.  Ring test. To 2–3 ml of the salt solution, added A dark brown ring formed NO3– confirmed.
freshly prepared FeSO4 solution. Now added at
conc. sulphuric acid along the sides of the test the junction of the two
tube. liquids.
 To the O.S. add Diphenyl amine solution. Violet/deep blue NO3– confirmed.
colouration produced at
the junction of solutions..
Test For Basic radical(Cation):

 Take a pinch of salt in test tube and add NaOH

No ammonical smell Zero group absent
solution.
comes out. NH4+ is absent.
 Prepare O.S. of the salt and add dil. HCl . No reaction or ppt formed. Group–I absent.
 Pass H2S through the above solution. No precipitate formed. Group–II absent.
 Boil off H2S and add solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in No precipitate formed. Group–III absent.
excess.
 Pass H2S again through above solution. No precipitate formed. Group–IV absent.
 To the above solution add excess NH4OH(aq)
+ (NH4)2CO3 solution. White precipitate formed. Group–V present.
 Dissolve the white ppt. in Acetic acid and
divide in to three part.
 To part one add K2CrO4solution. Yellow precipitate Ba+2 Confirmed.
(BaCrO4) formed.
 Flame test: Prepare paste of given salt with
Conc. HCl and introduce the paste in the flame A grassy green/Apple Ba+2 Confirmed.
with the help of glass rod/ Pt wire. green coloured flame
produced.

Result: Given salt No…. Contain Acid radical: NO3–

Basic radical: Ba+2

 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical Examination:

Physical state: Solid Crystalline.

Solubility: Soluble in water.
Odour: Odourless
Colour: Colourless

Experiment Observation Inference

Test For Acid radical(Anion):

 Take small amount of given salt in No effervescence and Dil H2SO4 group radical.
dry test tube and add dil H2SO4 evolution of vapour. CO32–, S2–, NO2–, SO32–
CH3COO–may be absent.
 Take small amount of given salt in No gas evolved Conc H2SO4 group radical
dry test tube again and add few drops Cl–, Br– I–, NO3–, are absent.
of conc. H2SO4 + Heat
2–
 To the O.S. of the salt add BaCl2 White ppt. is formed which is SO4 confirmed.
solution. insoluble in HCl.

 To the O.S. of the salt add Acetic White ppt is formed. SO42– confirmed.
acid and lead acetate solution.

Test For Basic radical(Cation):

+
 Take a pinch of salt in test tube and No ammonical smell comes NH4 is absent.
add NaOH solution. out.
 Prepare O.S. of the salt and add dil.
HCl . No reaction or ppt formed. Group–I absent.
 Pass H2S through the above solution.
No precipitate formed. Group–II absent.
 Boil off H2S and add solid NH4Cl + Group–III absent.
No precipitate formed.
NH4OH in excess.
 Pass H2S again through above Dirty white precipitate Group–IV present.
solution. Zn+2 may be present.
formed.
 Dissolve the precipitate in dilute HCl
by boiling and divide the solution A white precipitate soluble Zn+2 Confirmed.
into two parts. in excess of sodium hydroxide
(a) To the first part add sodium solution
hydroxide solution.
(b) Neutralise the second part with A bluish white / pea green Zn+2 Confirmed.
ammonium hydroxide solution coloured precipitate appears.
and add potassium ferrocyanide
solution.

Result: The given inorganic salt No….. Contain.

Acid radical  SO42– Basic radical  Zn+2

 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical Examination:

Physical state: Solid Crystalline.

Solubility: Soluble in water.
Odour: Odourless
Colour: Colourless

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Acidic radical:

 Take small amount the given salt in a dry A colorless, odorless gas is Carbonate CO32 may be
test tube and add few drops of dilute evolved with brisk present.
sulphuric acid. effervescence.

 Pass the evolved gas through freshly Lime water turns milky. CO32 Confirmed.
prepared lime water.
 On passing the gas for some more time Milkiness disappears CO32 Confirmed
 To the O.S or S.E of given salt add
MgSO4 solution. White ppt is formed. CO32 Confirmed

Test for Basic radical:

 Take small amount of given salt in test
tube and add NaOH solution. No smell comes out. Zero group absent
(NH4+ absent.)
 Take a small amount of original solution of
No ppt forms. First group radical absent.
given salt and add few drops of dil HCl.

 Pass H2S gas in the above solution. Second group radical

No ppt forms.
absent. ( Cu2+,Cd2+,As3+)
 Boil off H2S and add solid NH4Cl and an No ppt forms.
excess of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) Third group radical absent.
solution till smells of ammonia comes out. (Al3+, Fe+3)
 Pass H2S gas in the solution of group-III
for a few minutes. No ppt forms. Fourth group radical
 Boil off H2S and add excess of NH4OH absent(Zn2+Mn2+Ni2+ CO2+)
solution followed by solid ammonium No ppt forms.
carbonate (NH4)2CO3. Fifth group radical absent.
 To O.S. of the given salt add disodium White ppt forms. ( Ba2+, Sr2+ ,Ca2+)
hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) solution Mg+2 ion present and
confirmed.

Result: Given salt No…. Contain Acid radical: CO32

Basic radical: Mg+2

 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical Examination:

Physical state: Solid Crystalline.

Solubility: Soluble in water.
Odour: Odourless
Colour: Colourless

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Acidic radical (Anion):

 Take a pinch of the given salt in dry test tube No effervescence and Dil H2SO4 group radical.
and add dil. H2SO4 evolution of vapour. CO32, S2, NO2 SO32
CH3COO–may be absent.
 Take small amount of given salt in dry test tube Intense Violet fumes are I may be present.
again and add few drops of conc. H2SO4 + evolved.
Heat.

 To the O.S. of the salt add AgNO3 solution. A light yellow coloured I confirmed.
ppt. is obtained which is
insoluble in NH4OH.
 Organic layer test: Prepare aqueous solution
of salt acidified with HNO3 and add few
A Violet colouration is I confirmed.
developed in the organic
drops of CS2/CCl4/CHCl3 and then excess
layer at the bottom of test
chlorine water. Shake vigorously and allow to
tube.
stand.

Test For Basic radical (Cation):

 Take a pinch of salt in test tube and add NaOH No ammonical smell Zero group absent
solution. comes out. NH4+ is absent.
 To O.S. of the salt and add dil. HCl . No reaction or ppt formed. Group–I absent.
 Pass H2S through the above solution. No precipitate formed. Group–II absent.

 Boil off H2S and add solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in No precipitate formed. Group–III absent.
excess.
 Pass H2S again through above solution. No precipitate formed. Group–IV absent.
 To the above solution add excess NH4OH(aq) +
White precipitate formed. Group–V present.
(NH4)2CO3 solution.
 Dissolve the white ppt. in Acetic acid and
divide in to three part. No Yellow precipitate Ba+2 absent
 To part one add K2CrO4solution. formed
 To the second part of the solution, White ppt. formed Sr+2 Confirmed.
add ammonium Sulphate solution
 Flame test: Prepare paste of given salt with A crimson red coloured Sr+2 Confirmed.
Conc. HCl and introduce the paste in the flame flame produced.
with the help of glass rod / Pt wire.

Result: Given salt No…. Contain Acid radical: I

Basic radical: Sr +2
 Experiment No. ……..

Aim: To analyse the given inorganic salt for one acidic and one basic radical.

Physical Examination:

Physical state: Solid Crystalline.

Solubility: Soluble in water.
Odour: Odourless
Colour: Pale Green

Experiment Observation Inference

Test For Acid radical(Anion):

 Take small amount of given salt in dry test tube No effervescence and Dil H2SO4 group radical.
and add dil H2SO4 evolution of vapour. CO32–, S2–, NO2–, SO32–
CH3COO–may be absent.
 Take small amount of given salt in dry test tube
again and add few drops of conc. H2SO4 + Heat No gas evolved Conc H2SO4 group radical
Cl–, Br– I–, NO3–, are
absent.
 To the O.S. of the salt add BaCl2 solution. White ppt. is formed SO42– confirmed.
which is insoluble in HCl.
 To the O.S. of the salt add Acetic acid and lead
acetate solution. White ppt is formed. SO42– confirmed

Test For Basic radical (Cation):

 Take a pinch of salt in test tube and add NaOH
No ammonical smell Zero group absent
solution.
comes out. NH4+ is absent.
 To O.S. of the salt and add dil. HCl . No reaction or ppt formed. Group–I absent.
 Pass H2S through the above solution. No precipitate formed. Group–II absent.

 Boil off H2S and add solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in Bluish green precipitate Group–III Present
excess. formed. Fe+2 may be present.
.
 Dissolve the ppt. in dilute HCl,+ Conc HNO3
and divide the solution into two parts.
 Potassium ferrocyanide test. To one part Prussian blue colouration Fe+2 Confirmed.
of the above solution add potassium produced .
ferrocyanide solution.
 Potassium sulphocyanide test. To the second Blood red colouration
part, add a little potassium sulphocyanide formed. Fe+2 Confirmed.
(KCNS)

Result: Given salt No…. Contain Acid radical: SO42–

Basic radical: Fe+2