RUBY CHILDREN SR SEC SCHOOL, KOTA

RAJ MANGAL YADAV

PGT-Chem
CALCULATIONS :- (a) Molarity of the KMnO 4 solution.
From the over all balanced chemical equation, it is clear that 2 moles of KMnO 4 reacts with 10 moles of
Mohr’s salt
M1 V1 2
(1) M 2 V2 10

M1 19.7 2 Where :-
(2) 1 10 1
20 M1 = Molarity of Mohr’s soln.= M
20 20
2 1 2 V1 = Volume of Mohr’s soln. = 20 ml
(3) M1
10 19.7 10 19.7 M2 = Molarity of KMnO4 soln.= ?
= 0.0101 M V2 = Volume of KMnO4 soln.= 19.7 ml
Strength = M1 × Molars Mass
= 0.0101 × 158 = 1.79 g/L

RESULT :- The Molarity of KMnO 4 0.0101M

And the strength of KMnO 4 = 1.79 g/L
CALCULATIONS :- (a) Molarity of the KMnO 4 solution from the over all balanced chemical equation,
it is clear that 2 moles of KMnO 4 reacts with 5 moles of Oxalic acid
M1 V1 2
(1) M2 V2 5
Where :-
M1 19.6 2 1
1 5 M2 = Molarity of Oxalic acid = M
(2) 20 20
20
V1 = Volume of Oxalic acid = 20 ml
2 1 M1 = Molarity of KMnO4 soln.= ?
(3) M1
5 19.6 V2 = Volume of KMnO4 soln.= 19.6 ml
= 0.0204 M
Strength = M1 × Molars Mass
= 0.0204 × 158 = 3.22 g/L

RESULT :- The Molarity of KMnO 4 0.0204 M

And the strength of KMnO 4 = 3.22 g/L
 Experiment : 3

Chemical Reactions

Reactions for acidic radical

1. 2NH4Br + H2SO4  (NH4)2 SO4 + 2HBr

2HBr + H2SO4  SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O

2. NH4Br + AgNO3  NH4NO3 + Ag Br 

(Pale yellow ppt)
3. NH4Br + Cl2  2NH4Cl + Br2

Reactions for basic radical

NH4Br + NaOH 
4.  NaBr + H2O + NH3 

5. Nessler’s reagent Test

2K2[HgI4] + NH3 + 3KOH  H2NHgO.HgI  +7KI + H2O
(brown ppt)
6. CuSO4 + 4NH3  [Cu(NH3)4] SO4 
(blue ppt. )
 Experiment : 3
Aim : To analyse systematically the given mixture of the salt for one anion & one cation
Apparatus required :- Test tube, Test tube holder, Test tube stand, filter paper.
Experiment Observation Inference
Test for Acidic radical
1. Salt + dil H2SO4 No reaction in take place Weak acidic group absent
2. Salt + conc.H2SO4 Pungent smelling with strong acidic grp.present
brown gas evolved Br- may be
Confirmatory test :
3. Sodium carbonate Extract +dil HNO3 pale yellow ppt. formed Br- Confirmed
+ AgNO3 soln. which is sparingly soluble
in NH4OH
4. Sodium carbonate Extract +dil HNO3 Brown layer is formed Br- Confirmed
+CCl4 + Chlorine water

Test for Basic redicals

5. Salt + NaOH and heated it A colourless gas Zero group present

having ammonical NH4+ may be
small is evolved

6. Confirmatory test :
Bring filter paper filter paper turns NH4+ Confirmed
dipped in Nessler’s red brown
reagent
near the mouth test tube

7. Bring filter paper dipped in filter paper turns NH4+ Confirmed

copper sulphate near the mouth dark blue
of the test tube

Result : Given Inorganic salt contains one acidic radical Br - and one basic radical NH4+.
 Experiment : 4

Chemical Reactions

(a) Reactions for acidic radical

1. (NH4)2 CO3 + H2SO4  (NH4)2SO4 + CO2  + H2O

2. Ca(OH)2 + CO2  CaCO3 + H2O
Milkiness
3. CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O  Ca (HCO3)2
Milkiness disappeared
4. (NH4)2 CO3 + MgSO4  MgCO3  + (NH4)2 SO4
white ppt.
b) Reactions for acidic radical
NH4CO3 + 2NaOH  
5.  Na2CO3 +  NH3 + H2O
Nessler’s reagent Test :-
6) 2K2[HgI4] + NH3 + 3KOH  H2N.HgO.HgI  + 7KI + H2O
7) CuSO4 + 4NH3  [Cu (NH3)4] SO4
 Experiment : 4
Aim : To analyse systematically the given mixture of the salt for one anion & one cation
Apparatus required :- Test tube, Test tube holder, Test tube stand, filter paper.
Experiment Observation Inference
Test for Acidic radical
1. Salt + dil H2SO4 Colourless, odourless, Weak acidic grp. present
gas comes out with brisk CO32- may be present
effervescence
Confirmatory test
2. Pass the above gas lime water turns milky CO32-Confirmed
through lime water
3. Pass the gas for long time milkiness disappeared CO32- Confirmed

4. MgSO4 Test :
Salt soln+MgSO4 soln White ppt. is formed CO32- Confirmed

Test for Basic redicals

5. Salt + NaOH and heated it A colourless gas Zero group present
having ammonical NH4+ may be
small is evolved

6. Confirmatory test :
Bring filter paper filter paper turns NH4+ Confirmed
dipped in Nessler’s reagent red brown
near the mouth test tube

7. Bring filterpaper dipped in copper filter paper turns NH 4+ Confirmed

sulphate near the mouth dark blue
of the test tube

Result : Given Inorganic salt contains acidic radical CO 32-and one basic radical NH4+.
 Experiment : 5
Chemical Reactions

Reactions for acidic radical

1. (CH3COO)2 Pb + H2SO4  2CH3COOH + PbSO4

Vinegar smell
2. Oxalic acid Test
(CH3COO)2Pb + (COOH)2  2CH3COOH + (COO)2 Pb
(vinegar smell)
Ferric chloride Test
3. 3(CH3COO)2 Pb + 2FeCl3  2(CH3COO)3 Fe  + 3PbCl2
(reddish brown ppt.)
4. (CH3COO)3Fe + 2H2O  (CH3COO)(OH)2 Fe  + 2CH3COOH

Reactions for basic radical

5. (CH3COO)2 Pb + 2HCl  PbCl2  + 2CH3COOH
6. (CH3COO)2 Pb + 2KI  PbI2  + 2CH3COOK
(yellow ppt.)
7. (CH3COO)2 Pb + K2CrO4  Pb CrO4  +2CH3COOK
(yellow ppt.)
 Experiment : 5
Aim : To analyse systematically the given mixture of the salt for one anion & one cation
Apparatus required :- Test tube, Test tube holder, Test tube stand, filter paper.

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Acidic radical

1. Salt + dil H2SO4 Vinegar smell observed Weak acidic group present
CH3COO- may be
Confirmatory test :
2.Take a little salt on palm and Vinegar smell observed CH 3COO- Confirmed
mix some solid oxalic acid and
add-2-4 drops of water and
rubbed it.
3. Salt soln. (Sodium carbonate Red colour is obtained on heating CH3COO- Confirmed
extract) + Neutral FeCl3 which turn brown ppt.
Test for basic radicals
5. Salt + NaOH No Ammonical smell Comes out. Zero group absent
6. Salt Soln. + dil HCl White ppt. Comes Out I group present
Pb2+, Ag+, Hg22+ may be
7. Wash above ppt. with cold ppt is dissolved Pb2+ may be present
water and then with hot water
8. Confirmatory test :
Divide the above solution
into two part

9. I part + KI Soln. Yellow ppt comes out Pb2+ Confirmed

10.II part + K2CrO4 Soln. Yellow ppt comes out Pb2+ Confirmed

Result : Given Inorganic salt contains one acidic radical CH 3COO- & one basic radical Pb2+
 Experiment No- 6
Chemical Reactions

a) Reactions for acidic radical

1. As2(CO3)3 + 3H2SO4  As2(SO4)3 + 3H2O + 3CO2 

2. Ca(OH)2 + CO2  CaCO3 + H2O
milky
3. CaCO3 + H2O + CO2  Ca(HCO3)2
milkiness disappear
4. Magnesium sulphate Test
As2(CO3)3 + 3MgSO4  3MgCO3  + As2(SO4)3
(white ppt)
b) Reactions for basic radical
5. As2(CO3)3 + 3H2S  As2S3  + 3H2O + 3CO2 
yellow ppt
6. As2S3 + 10HNO3  2H3AsO4 + 10NO2 + 3S + 2H2O

7. H3AsO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3  (NH4)3 AsO4 12MoO3  + 21NH4NO3+12H2O

yellow ppt.

8. H3AsO4 + MgSO4 + 3NH4OH  Mg(NH4)2 AsO4  + (NH4)2SO4+3H2O

white ppt.
 Experiment No- 6
Aim : To analyse systematically the given mixture of the salt for one anion & one cation
Apparatus required :- Test tube, Test tube holder, Test tube stand, filter paper.

Observation Table -

Experiment Observation inference

Test for Acidic radical

1. Salt + dil H2SO4 Colourless, odourless gas Weak acidic grp.present
comes out with brisk CO3-2 may be
effervescence
Confirmatory test
2. Pass the above gas through lime water turns milky CO32- Confirmed
lime water
3. Pass the gas for long time milkiness disappears CO32- Confirmed

4. MgSO4 Test :
Salt soln+MgSO4 soln White ppt. is formed CO32- Confirmed
(B) Test for Basic Radicals

(7) salt soln. + NaOH heated it. No reaction takes place Zero group absent

(8) salt soln + dil HCl. No white ppt comes out I group absent

(10) pass H2S in filterate obtained from yellow ppt comes out II group present
I group (Hg2+, Pb2+,Bi3+,
Sn2+,Cd2+ As3+,Sb3+)
may be present

(11) filter above ppt & wash it with hot ppt remains insoluble II-B group present
water and add yellow ammonium (As2+,Sb3+As3+Sb3+)
sulphide in it may be present

(12) Dissove above ppt in conc. HCl ppt remains insoluble II-B group present
Sb3+,Sn2+ absent
As3+ may be present
13) Filter above ppt & dissove it conc.
HNO3 divide it into 3 parts
14) I part + ammonium molybdate Yellow ppt comes out As3+ confirmed
15) II part + pinch of NH4Cl + NH4OH white ppt comes out As3+ confirmed
in excess then heat it and
add MgSO4 to it
16) III part + (NH4)2CO3 white ppt comes out As3+ confirmed

Result :- Given inorganic salt contains one acidic radical CO32- and one basic radical As3+
 Experiment : 7

Chemical Reactions

Reactions for acidic radical

1. 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + 6HNO3

4 HNO3 + C  4NO2  + CO2 + 2H2O
2. 4HNO3 + Cu  Cu (NO3)2 + 2NO2  +2H2O
(reddish
brown gas)
3. Ring Test :
2Al (NO3)3 + 3H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + 6HNO3
2HNO3 + 6FeSO4 + 3H2SO24  3Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO
FeSO4 + NO + 5H2O  [Fe(NO) (H2O)5]SO4
(brown ring)
Reactions Test for basic radical
4. Al (NO3)3 + 3NH4OH  Al (OH)3  + 3NH4NO3
(white gelatineous ppt)
5. 3Al(OH)3 + 3NaOH  3NaAlO2 + 6H2O
(sodium meta aluminate)
6. NaAlO2 + HCl + NH4OH  Al(OH)3 + NaCl + NH3
7. NaAlO2 + NH4Cl + H2O  Al(OH)3 + NaCl + NH3
(white gelatineous ppt)
 Experiment : 7
Aim : To analyse systematically the given mixture of the salt for one anion & one cation
Apparatus required :- Test tube, Test tube holder, Test tube stand, filter paper.

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Acidic radical

1. Salt soln + dil H2SO4 No reaction in take place Weak acidic grp. absent
2. Salt + conc. H2SO4 light brown gas with Strong acidic grp. present
pungent smell is evolved NO3- may be
Confirmatory test :
3. Above sol. add Copper chips dark brown gas evolved NO3- confirmed

4. Salt soln. + freshly

Prepared FeSO4 and add conc. dark brown ring is formed NO3- confirmed
H2SO4 into test tube

Test for Basic radicals

5. Salt sol. + NaOH and heated it No smell of NH3 comes out Zero grp. absent
6. Salt sol. + dil HCl No ppt comes out I grp absent
7. Above sol in pass H2S gas No ppt comes out II grp. absent
8. Heat above sol.to remove
H2S gas
9. Add conc. HNO3 to above White gelatineous ppt III grp. present
sol.comes out then heat Al3+ may be.
and cool add solid NH4Cl
+ NH4OH in excess

Confirmatory test :
10.Dissolve above ppt.in dil HCl White Gelatineous Al3+ Confirmed
Add NaOH till white ppt. ppt.is reappeared
disappeared, again add
NaOH in excess + NH4Cl
solid.

Dry test
(cobalt nitrate test)
11) Put ppt obtained from III grp. Bluish coloured Al3+ Confirmed
on filter paper & add cobalt vapour is obtained
Nitrate sol. to in & heat it.

Result : Given Inorganic salt contains one acidic radical NO 3- & one Basic radical Al3+
 Experiment : 8

Chemical Reactions

(a) Reaction for acidic radical

1. ZnSO4 + BaCl2  BaSO4  + ZnCl2

White ppt.
b) Reactions for acidic radical
2. ZnSO4 + H2S  ZnS + H2SO4
(dirty
white ppt)
3. ZnS + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2S 
4. 2ZnCl2 + K4[Fe(CN)6]  Zn2 [Fe(CN)6] + 4KCl
White or bluish
White ppt.
 Experiment : 8
Aim : To analyse systematically the given mixture of the salt for one anion & one cation
Apparatus required :- Test tube, Test tube holder, Test tube stand, filter paper.

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Acidic radicals

1. Salt + dil H2SO4 No reaction in take place Weak acidic group absent
2. Salt + conc.H2SO4 No reaction in take place Strong acidic group absent
3. Salt sol. + dil. HCl + White ppt is formed general grp. present
BaCl2Solution SO42- May be
Confirmatory test :
4. Disolve above ppt in conc.HCl ppt remains insoluble SO42- Confirmed
Test for Basic radicals :
5. Salt+NaOH heated it No smell of ammonia Zero grp. absent
6. Salt Soln + dil HCl No ppt. comes out I grp. absent.
7. Pass H2S gas in above soln. No ppt. comes out II grp. absent
8. Heat above soln to removed
H2S gas.
9. Above soln.+ few drop conc.HNO3 No ppt. comes out III grp. absent
solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in excess
10.Above soln. + pass H2S gas White ppt. is obtained IV grp. present
[Zn2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,CO2+]
may be
11. Above ppt. dissolve in dil. HCl ppt. dissolved Ni2+, Co2+ absent

12. Heat the above soln. + add ppt. is reappeared Zn2+, Mn2+ may be
NaOH
13. Add NaOH in excess in above ppt. is dissolved Mn2+ absent & Zn2+ may be
soln.
Confirmatory test :
14. Divided the above soln. into
two part
(a) I part + CH3COOH+ Sky blue ppt. comes out Zn2+ Confirmed
K4[Fe (CN)6]
(b) II part + H2S gas White ppt. comes out Zn2+ Confirmed
Dry Test :
15 Put ppt obtained from IVgrp. Green colour Zn2+ Confirmed
on filter paper & add cobalt vapour obtained
nitrate sol. to in & heat it.

Result : Given Inorganic salt contains one acidic radical SO 42- and one Basic radical Zn2+.
 Experiment : 9

Chemical Reactions

(a) Reactions for acidic radical

1) BaCl2 +H2SO4  BaSO4  + 2HCl

White ppt.
2) MnO2 Test -
BaCl2 + MnO2 + 2H2SO4  BaSO4 + MnSO4+ Cl2  + 2H2O
3) Silver nitrate Test :-
BaCl2 + 2AgNO3  2AgCl  + Ba(NO3)2
(white ppt.)
4) AgCl + 2NH4OH  [Ag (NH3)2] Cl + 2H2O
(Soluble Complex)
Chromyl Chloride Test :-
5) 2BaCl2 + K2Cr2O7 + 3H2SO4  2BaSO4 + K2SO4 + 2CrO2Cl2 + 3H2O
Chromyl Chloride
6) CrO2Cl2 + 4NaOH  Na2CrO4 + 2H2O + 2NaCl
Sod. Chromate
7) Na2CrO4 + (CH3COO)2 Pb  PbCrO4  + 2CH3COONa
(Yellor ppt.)
b) Reactions for basic radical
8)) BaCl2 + (NH4)2 CO3  BaCO3  + 2NH4Cl
ppt.
9) BaCO3 + 2CH3COOH  (CH3COO)2 Ba + CO2  +H2O
10) (CH3COO)2 Ba + K2CrO4  2CH3COOK + BaCrO4 
Yellow ppt.
 Experiment : 9
Aim : To analyse systematically the given mixture of the salt for one anion & one cation
Apparatus required :- Test tube, Test tube holder, Test tube stand, filter paper.

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Acidic radical

1. Salt + dil H2SO4 No reaction in take place Weak acidic group absent
2. Salt + conc.H2SO4 Colourless gas with pungent strong acidic grp.present
smell is evolved Cl- may be present
3. Above soln. and add MnO2 Greenish yellow gas evolved Cl- may be present
Confirmatory test :
4. Silver Nitrate test :
Salt sol. (sodium carbonate Curdy white ppt. comes out Cl- Confirmed
+ dil HNO3 + AgNO3 soln. which is soluble in NH4OH
5. Chromyl Chloride test :
Salt soln.+Solid K2Cr2O7 Reddish vapour comes out
conc. H2SO4
6. Above sol. pass NaOH Yellow ppt. comes out Cl- Confirmed
sol.+ CH3COOH
+ lead acetate
Test for Basic radicals :
7. Salt+NaOH heated it No smell of NH3 Zero grp. absent
8. Salt soln.+ dil HCl No ppt. comes out I grp. absent.
9. Pass H2S gas in above soln. No ppt. comes out II grp. absent
10. Heat above soln. to removed
H2S gas.
11.Above soln.+ dil HNO3 No ppt. comes out III grp. absent.
heat & cool and pinch of solid
NH4Cl + excess of NH4OH
12. Above soln. in pass H2S gas No ppt. comes out IV grp. absent
13. Heat above soln. to remove
H2S gas
14. Above sol. it add pinch of White ppt. is formed V grp. present
solid NH4Cl and excess of Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+
NH4OH + (NH4)2CO3 soln. may be present

Confirmatory test :
15.Dissolveaboveppt.inCH3 COOH
& divide the soln. in three parts
A. I part+ K2CrO4 yellow ppt. is formed Ba2+ present
Dry test (flame test) :
16.Dipped. platinum wire in dil Apple green flame is Ba2+ Confirmed
HCl & put some salt on it & obtained
heat it

Result : Given Inorganic salt contains one acidic radical Cl- and one Basic radical Ba2+.
 Experiment : 10

Chemical Reactions

(a) Reactions for acidic radical

1) SrSO3 + H2SO4  SrSO4 + H2O + SO2 
2) K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 4H2O + 3[O]
SrSO3 + [O]  SrSO4
b) Reactions for basic radical
3) SrSO3 + (NH4)2 CO3  SrCO3  + (NH4)2 SO3
4) SrSO3 + 2CH3COOH  (CH3COO)2 Sr + SO2  + H2O
5) (CH3COO)2 Sr + (NH4)2 SO4  2CH3COONH4 + SrSO4 
White ppt.
 Experiment : 10
Aim : To analyse systematically the given mixture of the salt for one anion & one cation
Apparatus required :- Test tube, Test tube holder, Test tube stand, filter paper.

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Acidic radicals

1. Salt + dil H2SO4 Colourless gas with suffocating Weak acidic group Present
smell SO32- may be
Confirmatory test :
2. Bring filter paper dipped in Filter paper turn green SO32- Confirmed
acidify K2Cr2O7 near the mouth
of the test tube.
Test for basic redicals :
3. Salt soln.+NaOH heated it No ammonical smell evolved Zero grp. absent
4. Salt soln.+dil HCl No white ppt come out I grp. absent
5. Above soln. pass H2S gas No ppt. comes out II grp. absent
6. Heat above soln. to remove
H2S gas
7. Above soln.+add dil HNO3 No ppt. comes out III grp. absent.
heat & cool and pinch of solid
NH4Cl+excess of NH4OH
8. Above soln. in pass H2S gas No ppt. comes out IV grp. absent
9. Heat above soln. to remove
H2S gas
10. Above solution add NH4OH White ppt. is formed V grp. present
in excess +(NH4)2CO3 soln. Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ may be present
Confirmatory test :
11. Dissolve above ppt. in
CH3COOH & divide the soln.
in three parts
(12) I part + K2CrO4 No yellow ppt. comes Ba2+ Absent
(13) II part + (NH4)2 SO4 White ppt. comes out Sr2+ Confirmed
Dry Test : (Flame test)
dipped the platinum wire in dil Crimson red flame is obtained Sr 2+ Confirmed
HCl put some salt on it & heat it

Result : Given Inorganic salt contains one acidic radical SO 32- and one Basic radical Sr2+.
 Experiment : 11
Aim : To analyse systematically the given mixture of the salt for one anion & one cation
Apparatus required :- Test tube, Test tube holder, Test tube stand, filter paper.

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Acidic radical

1. Salt + dil H2SO4 No reaction in take place Weak acidic group absent
2. Salt + conc.H2SO4 Violet colour gas evolved strong acidic grp.present
I- may be present
Confirmatory test :
3. Salt soln. (sodium carbonate yellow ppt. formed which is I- Confirmed
extract) + dil HNO3 and add insoluble in NH4OH
AgNO3 Soln.
4.Sodium carbonate extra + Violet coloured layer is obtained I- Confirmed
dil HNO3 + CCl4 + chlorine
water
Test for Basic radicals :
5. Salt+NaOH then heated it No smell of NH3 comes out Zero grp. absent
6. Salt Soln. + dil HCl No white ppt. comes out I grp. absent.
7. Pass H2S gas to above soln. No ppt. comes out II grp. absent
8. Heat the above soln. to
removed H2S gas.
9. Add. conc. HNO3 to above No. ppt. comes out III grp. absent
soln. heat & cool it add solid
NH4Cl +NH4OH in excess
10.Pass H2S gas in above soln. No ppt. comes out IV grp. absent
11. Heat above soln. to remove
H2S gas
12. Above soln.+ add NH4OH No white ppt. comes out V grp. absent
in excess + (NH4)2CO3 soln.
13. Above soln. + Ncl2 HPO4 White ppt. is formed VI grp. present
solution Mg2+ present
14. Above solution add NaOH White pink ppt is obtained Mg2+ Confirmed
+ titan yellow solution
Dry test
Cobalt Nitrate test :
15.Perform cobalt Nitrate test Pink ash is obtained Mg2+ Confirmed
with the original salt

Result : Given Inorganic salt contains one acidic radical I- and one Basic redical Mg2+.
 Experiment : 12
Aim :- To study carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure form and defect their presence in given food
stuff
Apparatus required : Test tube, Test tube holder, bunsen burner etc.

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Carbohydrate

1. Conc. H2SO4 Test :
Take a little carbohydrate Charring with burnt of sugar Carbohydrate is present
sample in a test tube and smell
conc. H2SO4 and heat

2. Molisch’s Test :
Take a little
aqueous solution of A-reddish purple ring is Carbohydrate is present
substances in test tube formed at the junction to two
and add 2 drops of  -napthol layers
and conc. H2SO4

3. Tollen’s reagent Test :

Take a little sample of aqueous Silver mirror is formed along Carbohydrate is present
solution of substances in the surface of the test tube
test tube and add few drops
Tollen reagent to it and heat

4. Fehling solution Test :

Take a little sample of Red ppt.is formed Carbohydrate is present
of aqueous solution of
substances in test tube
and add fehling solution A +
Fehling solution B

5. Benedict’s solution Test :

Take a little sample of Red ppt.is formed Carbohydrate is present
aqueous solution of
substance in a test tube and
add few drops of Benedict’s
reagent and heat.

Result : The given food stuff contains carbohydrate.

The structure of carbohydrate is Cx (H2O)y
 Experiment : 13
Aim :- To study carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure form and defect their presence in given food
stuff
Apparatus required : Test tube, Test tube holder, Bunsen burner etc.

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Fats :

1. Spot Test : Put a small amount A translucent spot appears fat is present
sample on a filter paper and on the filter paper
press with another filter paper

2. Solubility Test :
Take a smell amount of Sample does not dissolve in fat is present
samples in three test tube water but is souble in alcohol
and add water, alcohal on heating and is soluble in
chloroform in test tube chloroform
1, 2, 3 respectively

Result : The given food stuff contains fat.

 Experiment : 14
Aim :- To study carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure form and defect their presence in given food
stuff
Apparatus required : Test tube, Test tube stand, test tube holder, Bunsen burner etc.

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for Proteins

1. Biuret Test :
Take a little sample in a test Bluish violet colour is obtained Protein is present
tube add NaOH soln
and dil CuSO4 solution

2. Xantho proteic Test :

Take a little sample in a test Yellow ppt.is formed Protein is present
tube and add few drops of
conc. HNO3 and heat

3. Millon’s Test :
Take a little sample in a test White ppt. is obtained Protein is comfirm
tube and add 2 drops of which changes to brick red
million’s reagent and heat on boiling

Result : The given food stuff contains protein.