Article Careers360 20240621170644
Article Careers360 20240621170644
Article Careers360 20240621170644
The matter in our surroundings is a very important chapter of the NCERT matter in our surroundings
from an exam point of view. The NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 1 notes give you a basic idea of the
chapter matter in our surroundings. The main topics covered in NCERT Class 11 Biology notes are
definition, physical nature of matter, characteristics of particles of matter, states of matter, can
matter change its state?, and evaporation. Download the CBSE Notes for Class 9 Science, Chapter 1,
PDF to use offline anywhere. Students must go through each topic of the matter in our surroundings
in Class 9 Notes Science in the easiest and most effective way possible with the help of NCERT Notes
for Class 9.
Class 9 Science chapter 1 notes also cover all the important concepts related to this chapter, which
are the foundation for classes 11 and 12. Matter in our surroundings NCERT Notes for Class 9 Science
help you revise these major concepts given in the NCERT Book in a short period of time during CBSE
exam preparation. CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 1 notes will help you with quick revision. The Matter
in Our Surroundings chapter covers all headings of NCERT. CBSE Class 9 Science chapter 1 notes also
contain important examples that have been frequently asked. Having revision notes and NCERT
Solutions for Class 9 Science chapter 1 handy is beneficial to save you time. The NCERT Class 9 notes
PDF can be downloaded through the link given below.
Definition of Matter: Anything that occupies space and has mass is referred to as matter.
• Early Greek philosophers classified matter in the form of 5 elements: "panch tattva" - air, earth,
fire, sky and water.
• Modern scientists classify matter in two ways: physically and chemically.
• Everything around us, be it living forms like plants or animals or non-living forms like tables, chairs,
pencils, etc., is made of some material that is referred to by scientists as matter.
• When the question came about the nature of matter, there were two thoughts.
• The first said that matter is continuous, and the second said that matter is made up of small
particles.
• At last, the second thought was proved right with the help of various experiments for example.
• If we add potassium permanganate to a solution, then its very small amount can change the
colour of the whole solution, proving that it is made up of very small particles.
• Also, if we add Dettol to water, it will give the same smell after repeated dilution. This small
experiment also supports the very small size of these particles.
It can be seen that one kind of matter is able to get dissolved in another kind of water, e.g., salt in
water, lemonade, etc which proves that in reality, particles of one matter get into the spaces of the
other.
• Particles of matter are proven by experiments to be continuously moving and thus they possess
kinetic energy.
• As the temperature rises, their kinetic energy also rises, and these particles start moving faster.
• The process where a particle of one kind of matter goes into spaces between another kind of
matter is known as diffusion.
• It is observed that when heated, this process becomes faster.
It has been observed that force of attraction is present between particles of matter and the strength
of this force of attraction depends upon the kind of matter.
States of Matter
Matter exists in three different states, viz Solid, liquid and gas.
These different states of matter exist due to variations in their characteristics and properties
discussed above.
• The shape of solid can be changed but it usually requires considerable force
• Particles move freely and are having greater spaces between them
We can take the example of water, as we know that it exists in all 3 states i.e.
• Solid as ice
• Gas as vapour
Now we need to look into reasons those are responsible for bringing out these changes in the state
of matter.
• When the temperature is increased, particles of the solid are seen with more kinetic energy.
• The particles start vibrating more, and the heat energy that is provided helps overcome the strong
forces of attraction that are present between the particles.
• In this process, a particular stage is reached when the solid is melted into a liquid.
• The temperature at which a solid is converted into a liquid at atmospheric pressure is known as
the melting point.
• The process of melting, which is the conversion of a solid state into a liquid state, is also known as
fusion.
• We can see that after the ice is completely converted into a liquid, which is done by using the heat
energy to overcome the force of attraction that is present between particles, there is no increase
in the temperature of the ice.
• It is believed that the heat gets hidden in the beaker and is known as latent heat.
• The amount of heat energy that is required to convert one kilogram of solid into one kilogram of
liquid at its melting point at atmospheric pressure is known as latent heat of fusion.
• In a similar way, when we provide heat to liquid water, its molecules get heated up and are able to
overcome the force of attraction.
• Liquid starts changing into vapour.
• The temperature at which the liquid is converted into its vapour form at one atmospheric pressure
is known as its boiling point.
• It can be seen that on increasing temperatures, solids can be converted into liquids, which can
further be converted into gases.
• There's also a process by which we can directly convert solids into gases without converting it into
liquids, and the process is sublimation.
• The state of matter can also be changed by changing its pressure, as we know that the
characteristic feature of matter is the space present between the particles.
• By increasing the pressure, space can be removed, and by compressing the gas, we can change its
state.
• On decreasing pressure and increasing temperature, we can liquefy a gas
• A very common example of this process is carbon dioxide.
• Solid carbon dioxide can be directly converted into its gaseous form by decreasing its pressure to
one atm and as it's converted from its solid state to a directly gaseous state without coming into its
liquid state, that’s why it's also known as dry ice.
Evaporation
• A change in the state of matter can also take place without a change in temperature or pressure.
• The particles of matter are always in motion and have kinetic energy.
• In the case of liquids, the kinetic energy of the molecules at the surface is higher than that of those
present inside.
• Surface molecules are able to break the force of attraction and are converted into their vapour
form.
• This conversion of liquid into its gaseous state at a temperature below its boiling point is known as
evaporation.
Following are the factors which affect evaporation (e.g., drying of wet clothes)
and thereby more kinetic energy, and they are able to escape into the atmosphere more easily.
3. Decrease in Humidity: It helps in increasing evaporation, as when humidity is higher than the
number of water particles in the surrounding area, fewer water particles will be able to get into
the area.
4. Increase in Wind Speed: This helps in increasing the evaporation as those water vapours are
able to move away from the cloth with the help of the wind. Also, the surrounding air has a
smaller number of water particles so that more water vapours can evapourate there
• When the process of evaporation goes on then the particles of that liquid absorbs the energy from
their surroundings in order to regain the energy that they lost during evaporation which makes the
surrounding cooler.
• Thus it can be concluded that the process of evaporation results in cooling.
• We must prefer cotton clothes during the summer because, in summer, when we sweat, that
sweat evaporates.
• The energy equal to the latent heat of vaporisation is absorbed from our body, resulting in cooling
our body, as cotton helps in the absorption of water and its evaporation in a much easier way.
• That’s why we must prefer cotton clothes in the summer.
• The presence of water droplets is seen around a cold water glass, and that happens because water
vapours that are present in the air lose energy upon getting in contact with a cold surface and are
then converted into their liquid state.
The Matter in Our Surroundings Class 9th notes will assist you in revising the chapter and gaining an
understanding of the main concepts addressed. These Notes for Class 9 Science Chapter 1 are also
not complicated, and they thoroughly explain step-by-step approaches to guarantee that students
understand the concepts of this chapter, which is part of the CBSE Science syllabus for class 9. The
Matter in Our Surroundings class 9 notes pdf download can be utilised for offline preparation.
Question: What is the reason behind the cooling of water kept in an earthen pot (matka) in
summers?
Answer:
Evaporation occurs through the small pores of Matka, causing a cooling effect. Therefore, the water
stored in the clay pot will be cold during the summer due to continuous evaporation.
These topics can also be downloaded from Matter in our surroundings class 9 notes pdf download.
Question: ." Suggest a cause for the following observation: "The fragrance of hot sizzling food
reaches you from many metres away, but you have to come close to obtain the smell of cold
food."
Answer:
Class 9th Science chapter 1 notes tell that because the temperature of hot sizzling food is higher than
that of cold food, the smell of hot sizzling food will reach us from several metres away, according to
notes from class 9th Science chapter 1: "When the temperature is high, the diffusion rate
(movement) of particles will be very fast as compared to the diffusion rate (movement) of particles of
lower temperature."
Answer:
Question: During the change of state, why does temperature remains constant?
Answer:
The temperature of a substance remains constant or the same during a transition of state because
all of the heat or energy delivered to particles of matter is used to separate the particles of matter
from each other.
Question: Convert the specified temperature to the Celsius scale as per CBSE Class 9 Science
chapter 1 notes?
Answer:
⁰C = K - 273
= 300 - 273
= 27⁰C
⁰C = 573 - 273
= 300 ⁰C
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