EXPERIMENT-5

CLASSIFICATION OF ANIONS (ACIDIC RADICALS)

GROUP REAGENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Dilute H;SO4 a) Colourless, odourless gas with brisk Co: (Carbonate)
effervescence (CO)) which turn lime water milky.
b) Colourless gas with rotten egg like smell (H;S)S (sulphide)
which turns lead acetate paper black.
c) Colourless gas with smell of burning sulphur so; (Sulphite)
(SO) which turns acidified potassium
dichromate solution green.
d) Brown fumes (NO) which turn acidified NO; (Nitrite)
potassium iodide solution containing starch
solution blue.
OR
Brown fumes (NO) which turns ferrous sulphate NO; (Nitrite)
solution black or brown.
Conc. HSO4 a) Colourless vapours with vinegar like smell. CH,COO (Acetate)
b) Colourless pungent smeling gas (HCI) which Ct (Chloride)
gives dense white fumes with glass rod dipped in
NH,OH.
c) Reddish brown gas with pungent smell (Brz) is Br (Bromide)
evolved. On heating the reaction mixture after
adding solid MnOz, intensity of gas increases.
d) Violet vapours (l2) which turns starch paper r(lodide)
blue. On adding MnO2 to the reaction mixture,
fumes become dense.
e) Brown fumes (N02) evolve which become NO, (Nitrate)
dense upon heating the reaction mixture after
addition of copper turnings and the solution
acquires blue colour.
f) Colourless, odourless gas with brisk C,0.(Oxalate)
effervescence (CO+ CO) which turns lime water
milky and the gas coming out of lime water
burns with a blue flame, if ignited.
 BaCl2 a) White ppt. of BaSO, is formed which is So. (sulphate)
insoluble in dilute HCI.
b) White ppt. Of Ba.(POa)2 is formed which is PO. (phosphate)
soluble in dilute HCI.
Ammonium Canary yelow ppt. of ammoniunm PO. (phosphate)
molybdate phosphomolybdate (NHa)a [P(MosO10)a)
(NHa)2Mo04

EXPERIMENT -6
CLASSIFICATION OF CATIONS (BASIC RADICALS)
GROUP GROUP REAGENT RADICAL Ppt./Smell COLOUR
Zero NaOH NH4 Smell of NH3
Dil. HCI Pb2+ PbCl; White
H,S gas in presence of dil. HCI Pb2+ PbS Black
A_3+ AszS3 Yellow
Cu2* CuS Black
Cd2+ CdS Yellow
NH,OH in presence of NH,CI(s) Fe2+ Fe(OH)2 Light green
Fe3+ Fe(OH)3 Brown
AI3+ Al(OH)3 Gelatinous white
H2S gas in presence of NH,OH Ni2 NiS Black
Coz CoS Black
Mn* MnS Flesh colour
Zn2+ ZnS White
V (NH4)2C03 in presence of NHOH Baz+ BaCO3 White
Ca2+ CaCO3 White
Sr2* SrCO; White
VI NazHPO in presence of NHaOH Mg?* Mg(NHa)POA White

EXPERIMENT - 7 (NHa);CO3
AIM
To identify the acidic radical and the basic radical in the given inorganic salt No. +****.*.

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
> Physical state - Solid
> Colour - White
> Odour - Smell of ammonia
>Solubility - Soluble in water
IDENTIFICATION OF ACIDIC RADICAL (ANION)
 S. No. Experiment Observation Inference
1 Salt + Dilute H;SO4 Colourless, odourless gas with CO3 (Carbonate)
brisk effervescence (CO2) may be present.
which turns lime water milky.
2. On passing the gas in Milkiness disappears Co, (Carbonate)
excess through lime water confirmed.
3 BaCl, Test: Salt solution + White ppt. of BaCO: Co,(Carbonate)
BaCl2 confirmed.
4 MgSO, Test: Salt solution White ppt. of MgCO Co, (Carbonate)
+ MgSO4 confirmed.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
1. (NHa),C0, + H,SO, ’ (NHa);SO, + CO, + H,0
Ca(OH)2 + CO ’ CaCO, + H;0
2. CaCO3 + CO, + H,0’ Ca(HCO3)2
IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL (CATION)
S. No. Experiment Observation Inference
1. Salt + NaOH solution + Heat Smell of ammonia NH (Ammonium)
may be present.
2. NaOH test: Dense white fumes NHa (Ammonium)
Bring a glass rod dipped in cornc. HCI of NHCl are confirmed.
near the mouth of the test tube formed.
3 Nesslers reagent test: Reddish brown ppt. NH (Ammonium)
Salt + NaOH solution + Nessler's is formed. confirmed.
Reagent
CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
1. (NHa)CO, + 2NaOH ’ Na,CO, + 2NH, + 2H,0
2. NH3 + HCI ’ NH,CI
3. 2K,Hgl, + NH3 + 3NaOH ’ HgO.Hg(NH,)| + 3Nal + 4KIl + 2H,0
Brown ppt.
RESULT: The given salt contains:
> Acidic radical = COj (Carbonate)
> Basic radical = NH (Ammonium)
PRECAUTIONS:
Always use the reagents in minimum quantity.
> Do not mix chemicals and reagents unnecessarily.
> Never taste any chemical.
Be careful in smelling chemicals or vapours. Always fan the vapours gently towards
your nose.
 > Be careful while heating the test tube. The test tube should never point towards
yourself or towards your neighbours while heating or adding a reagent.
> Always wash your hands after the completion of the laboratory work.
> Keep your working surroundings clean. Never throw papers and glass in the sink.
Always use dustbin for this purpose.
Always pour acid into water for dilution. Never add water to acid.

EXPERIMENT -8 CH,COONH4
AIM
To identify the acidic radical and the basic radical in the given inorganic salt No.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
> Physical state- Solid
Colour -White
> Odour- Smell of ammonia
> Solubility- Soluble in water
IDENTIFICATION OF ACIDIC RADICAL (ANION)
S. No. Experiment Observation Inference
1. Salt + Dilute H;S04 No gas is evolved. Dilute H2SO4
group is absent.
2. Salt + Conc. H;SO4 Colourless vapours with vinegar like CH3CO0 (Acetate)
smell. may be present.
3. OS + Neutral ferric Deep red colour appears which
chloride solution
CH,CO0 (Acetate)
disappears on heating and a brown confirmed.
red precipitate is formed.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
2CH,COONH, + H,SO, ’ (NHa),SO, + 2CH,COOH
6CH,COO+ 3Fe + 2H,0-’ [Fe,(OH),(CH,CO0)]* + 2H*
(Fea(OH)2CH;CO0)]' + 4H,0 -’ 3[Fe(OH)CH;CO0]
IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL (CATION)
S. No. Experiment Observation Inference
1. Salt + NaOH solution + Heat
Smell of ammonia NH (Ammonium)
may be present.
2. NaOH test: Dense white fumes NH (Ammonium)
Bring a glass rod dipped in conc. HCI of NHCl are
near the mouth of the test tube confirmed.
formed.
3. Nessler's reagent test: Reddish brown ppt. NH (Ammonium)
Salt + NaOH solution + Nessler's
is formed. confirmed.
Reagent

CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
CHsC00NHa + NaOH ’ CH3COONa + NH3 + Hz0
NH3 + HCI ’ NHaCl
2K,Hgl, + NH3 + 3NaOH ’ HgO.Hg(NH2)| + 3Nal + +
4Kl 2H,0
Brown ppt.
RESULT: The given salt contains:
Acidic radical = CH3CO0 (Acetate)
> Basic radical = NH
(Ammonium)