‭EXPERIMENT – 3‬

‭Aim :-‬‭To analyze the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radicals [(NH‬‭4‬‭)‭2‬ ‬‭CO‬‭3‭]‬ ‬
‭Preliminary Investigation‬
‭ hysical State‬
P ‭ olid‬
S
‭Colour‬ ‭White (Cu‬‭2+‬‭, Fe‬‭2+‬‭, Fe‬‭3+‬‭, Ni‬‭2+‬‭,‬
‭Odour‬ ‭Mn‬‭2+‬‭,Co‬‭2+‬‭absent) Ammonium smell (may be‬
‭Solubility‬ ‭NH‬‭4‭+‬ ‬‭)‬
‭Flame Test‬ ‭Soluble in water‬
‭No Characteristic flame (Pb‬‭2+‬‭, Cu‬‭2+‬‭, Ca‬‭2+‬‭, Sr‬‭2+‬‭,‬
‭Ba‬‭2+‬‭, Zn‬‭2+‬‭absent)‬

‭(A) Identification of Acidic Radical‬

‭(a) Preliminary test :‬
‭Experiment‬ ‭Observation‬ ‭Inference‬

‭1. Salt solution + dil H‬‭2‭S

‬ O‬‭4‬ ‭ olorless,‬‭colorless‬‭gas‬‭with‬‭brisk‬
C ‭ roup A anion (CO‬‭3‭2‬ -‬‭may be‬
G
‭effervescence‬ ‭which‬ ‭turn‬ ‭lime‬ ‭present)‬
‭water milky‬

‭Confirmative test :‬ ‭White ppt of BaCO‬‭3‬ ‭CO‬‭3‬‭2-‬‭Confirmed‬

‭1.‬‭BaCl‬‭2‬‭Test : Salt solution +‬
‭BaCl‬‭2‬ ‭White ppt of MgCO‬‭3‬ ‭CO‬‭3‬‭2-‬‭Confirmed‬
‭2. MgSO‬‭4‬‭Test : Salt solution +‬
‭MgSO‬‭4‬

‭(B) Identification of Basic Radical‬

‭a) Preliminary Test‬
‭Experiment‬ ‭Observation‬ ‭Inference‬

‭1. Salt Solution + NaOH+ Heat‬ ‭Smell of NH‬‭3‬

2‭ . Place a red litmus on the mouth‬ ‭Red litmus turns blue‬ ‭Zero group present‬‭(‭N
‬ H may be‬‭)‬
‭of test tube.‬ ‭+‬
4‭ ‬

‭Confirmative test‬
‭Experiment‬ ‭Observation‬ ‭Inference‬
‭+‬
‭1. Nessler’s reagent test : Salt +‬ ‭Reddish brown ppt. is formed‬ ‭NH‬‭4‬‭confirmed.‬
‭ olution + NaOH + Nessler’s‬
S
‭Reagent‬ ‭2. NaOH test :‬ ‭ mell of NH‬‭3‬
S
‭ alt Solution + NaOH + Heat.‬
S ‭+‬
‭Dense white fumes of NH‬‭4‭C
‬ l‬ ‭NH‬‭4‬‭Confirmed.‬
‭Bring a glass rod dipped in conc. HCl‬ ‭are formed.‬

‭Chemical Reactions : -‬
‭Acidic Radical‬
‭Preliminary Test :-‬
‭1.‬‭(‭N
‬ H‬‭4‬‭)‭2‬‬‭CO‬‭3‬‭+‬‭H‭2‬ ‬‭SO‬‭4‬‭⎯→‬‭(‭N
‬ H‬‭4‬‭)‭2‬‭S‬ O‬‭4‬‭+‬‭CO‬‭2‬‭↑‭+
‬ ‬‭H‬‭2‭O
‬ ‬
‭2.‬‭Ca‬‭(‭O ‬ O‬‭2‬‭→‭C
‬ H‬‭)‭2‬ ‬‭+‭C ‬ aCO‬‭3‬‭+‬‭H‭2‬ ‬‭O‬
‭Confirmative Test‬
‭1. BaCl‬‭2‬‭Test :‬
‭4‬
‭(‭N
‬ H‬‭)‬‭CO BaCl BaCO NH Cl‬ ‭2 3‬ ‭+‬‭2‬‭→‬‭3‬‭↓‭+
‬ 2‬‭4‬
‭2- MgSO‬‭4‬
‭( )‬‭4 2 3 4 3 4 2 4‬‭NH CO‬‭+‬‭MgSO‬‭⎯→‬‭MgCO‬‭↓ +‬‭(‭N
‬ H‬‭)‬‭SO‬

‭(CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS)‬‭Page No 2‬
‭2. Basic Radical‬
‭(a) Preliminary Test :-‬

‭1.‬‭(‬‭NH‬‭4‬‭)‬‭2‬‭CO‬‭3‬‭+‬‭2‭N
‬ aOH‬‭⎯→‬‭Na‬‭2‬‭CO‬‭3‬‭+‬‭2‬‭H‭2‬ ‭O
‬ ‬‭+‬‭2‬‭NH‬‭3‬‭↑‬
‭NH‬‭3‭+ ‬ Red litmus -----‬‭🡪‬‭Litmus turns blue‬
‭(b) Confirmative test :-‬
‭1. Nessler’s Test :‬
‬ gI‬‭4‬‭⎯→‬‭2KI + Hg I‬‭2‬
‭K‭2‬ ‭H
‭(Nessler’s Reagent)‬
‭HgI‬‭2‬‭+ NH‬‭3‬‭⎯→‬‭NH‬‭2‭H‬ gI + HI‬
‭2NH‬‭2‬‭HgI + H‬‭2‬‭O‬‭⎯→‬‭NH‬‭2‬
‭/‬
‭Hg‬
‭\‬
‭O + NH‬‭4‬‭I‬
‭/‬
‭Hg‬
\‭‬
‭I‬
‭2. NaOH Test‬
‭(‭N
‬ H‬‭4‭)‬ ‬‭2‬‭CO‬‭3‬‭+‬‭2‬‭NaOH‬‭⎯→‬‭Na‬‭2‬‭CO‬‭3‬‭+‬‭2‬‭H‭2‬ ‭O
‬ ‬‭+‬‭2‬‭NH‬‭3‬‭↑‬
‭↑‬‭( )‬‭3 4‬‭NH‬‭+‬‭HCl‬‭⎯→‬‭NH Cl Dense white fumes‬
‭ esult :‬‭The given inorganic salt contains following‬
R
‭Acidic Radical : -‬‭2-‬‭CO‬‭3‬
‭Basic Radical :‬‭+‬‭NH‬‭4‬